PIRATA

Type	Set of cruises
Chief scientist(s)	BOURLES Bernard
Project manager	BOURLES Bernard
DOI	10.18142/14
Objective	The PIRATA project is a joint effort between Brazil, France and the United States to collect oceanic and meteorological observations in the tropical Atlantic. The experimental program PIRATA (initially « Pilot Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic » and named « Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic » from 2008) has been implemented in 1997 in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean (Servain et al. 1998; Bourlès et al., 2008, 2019). It has been launched in the framework of the international program CLIVAR (CLImatic VARiability and predictability) and implies scientific teams from three countries: France (IRD, in charge of coordination and oceanic cruises, Météo France, with contributions by IFREMER and CNRS/INSU), Brazil (DHN and INPE) and USA (NOAA/PMEL). Financial supports for the program are from the IRD, Météo France, and Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées/Université Paul Sabatier. Its main goal is to improve our knowledge and understanding of ocean-atmosphere variability in the tropical Atlantic, a region that strongly influences the hydro¿climates and, consequently, the economies of the regions bordering the Atlantic Ocean (e.g., West Africa, Northern Brazil, the West Indies, and the United States). PIRATA is motivated not only by fundamental scientific questions but also by societal needs for improved prediction of weather and climate variability and their impacts (Bourlès et al., 2008; 2019).

Scientific context

PIRATA (initially Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic renamed Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic since 2008) is an operational oceanography and research program initiated in 1997 and maintained by a close collaboration between institutions in France (IRD, Météo-France), Brazil (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, with contribution of the Directoria de Hidrografia e Navegacão [DHN]), and the United States (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA]). PIRATA is based around an array of moored buoys providing meteorological and oceanographic data transmitted in real time, and it is dedicated to the study of ocean-atmosphere interactions in the tropical Atlantic and their role in regional climate variability on intra-seasonal, seasonal, interannual to multi-decadal timescales.

At the core of PIRATA, moored buoys (see figure below) provide meteorological and oceanographic measurements transmitted in real time (daily averages or at higher frequencies), disseminated via the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) and Global Data Servers to operational oceanographic, meteorological and climate forecasting centers worldwide to correct the biases of numerical forecasts derived from models. These data are essential for wide-ranging applications concerning i) equatorial dynamics, ii) temperature and salinity budgets within the ocean mixing layer, iii) air-sea fluxes, iv) numerical model validation, v) data assimilation in operational centers, and vi) weather and climate forecasting.

Schematic representation of a meteo-oceanic buoy from PIRATA network

Through annual cruises required for buoy maintenance, sensors are calibrated and the high-frequency measurements recorded internally by the various sensors are recovered before being processed and validated. The annual cruises have become an essential part of PIRATA, allowing the acquisition of complementary measurements of physical parameters (also necessary to validate those of the buoy sensors), biogeochemical and biological parameters, particularly along repeated sections. They also provide an opportunity to carry out operations or deployments for other observation systems (ARGOS, DBCP, etc).

The PIRATA network has a long history and has evolved considerably over the years :

Until 2005, PIRATA developed and maintained a network of 10 meteorological and oceanic buoys (ATLAS type), whose geographical position was chosen to study and monitor the dominant modes of climate variability (Servain et al. 1998).
From 2005 to 2007, the network progressively evolved, and the number of buoys increased to 17 in 2007 (after extensions in the southwest of three buoys by Brazil in 2005 and of four buoys off Cape Verde by the USA, installed in 2006 and 2007). An eighteenth buoy, funded by Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem (BCLME) program in 2006, was deployed in the Southeast, off Congo (6°S-8°E), during a 1-year test in 2006-2007. This extension was completed in 2013 with a second buoy funded by the EU FP7 PREFACE program and implemented by France (SNO PIRATA).
Since 2013, PIRATA has maintained a network of 18 meteo-oceanic buoys. Ocean observations (temperature, salinity and current between the surface and 500m depth) and meteorological observations at the ocean surface (wind, relative humidity, air temperature, pressure, rainfall, incident shortwave radiation), are transmitted daily by satellite via Argos and are available in near-real time on the Internet. Since 2015, ATLAS systems have been progressively replaced by the more capable T-Flex systems are able to provide more voluminous data transmission every 6 hours through Iridium instead of Argos. In 2024, 11 buoys are equipped with T-Flex systems.

Three currentmeter moorings are also part of the PIRATA network : the 1^st at 23°W-0°N since 2001, the 2^ndat 10°W-0°N since 2006 (installed in the frame of AMMA/EGEE program) and the 3^rd at 0°E-0°N since 2016, with support from the EU FP 7 PREFACE program. The aim of these measurements is to monitor the evolution and variations of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC), that plays a fundamental role in the dynamics of inter-hemispheric mass and heat transport, and in the hydrological conditions encountered in the Gulf of Guinea.

Following the evaluation of the Tropical Atlantic Observing System (TAOS) initiated in 2018 by the CLIVAR Atlantic Region Panel (ARP) with representatives from the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), PIRATA is now recognized as the base and backbone of the Tropical Atlantic observing system dedicated to both research and climate forecasting.

France (via SNO PIRATA) is thus in charge of maintaining 6 meteo-oceanic moorings (2 ATLAS and 4 T-Flex) and of 3 currentmeter moorings (the one at 23°W-0°E is maintained in collaboration with GEOMAR/Germany). To be noticed that one tide gauge and one meteorological station was maintained at São Tomé (0°N-6°E) until 2010.

French PIRATA cruises ensure the annual servicing of PIRATA buoys located at 23°W-0°N, 10°W-10°S, 10°W-6°S, 10°W-0°N, 0°E-0°N until 2021 and moved westwards to 3°W-0°N in 2021 (following the extension of the ¿medium risk¿ safety zone) and 6°S-8°E until 2020 before to be replaced (following repeated vandalism in 2018 and 2019) by a met-oceano buoy at 10°W-20°S as well as currentmeter moorings at 23°W-0°N, 10°W-0°N et 0°E-0°N. The latter has also been moved further west to 3°W-0°N in 2021 following the extension of the safety zone. These cruises also allow to carry out several types of measurements : i) sea surface temperature and salinity acquired continuously along the ship's trackline, ii) upper ocean layer currents acquired continuously along the trackline, iii) hydrological CTDO₂/LADCP profiles (temperature/salinity/oxygen/currents) in station, iv) sea water sampling for analysis of several biogeochemical and/or biological parameters (nutrients, Chl pigments, pH, carbon parameters - DIC & TA -, ¹³C & ¹⁸O isotopes, particulate organic matter¿), v) thermal profiles etc¿ needed for international programs dedicated to climatic studies in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA, AMMA, CLIVAR/TACE, FP7 PREFACE, H2020 ATlantOS, H2020 TRIATLAS and EuroSea), along with the deployment of Argo profilers (as contribution to ARGO et AtlantOS and LEFE-GMMC projects) and surface drifting buoys SVP (as contribution to GDP from NOAA/AOML, Météo-France, or for CNES as part of the future ODYSEA satellite mission). Theses cruises are also used as plateforms for associated operations as part of collaborations (AMMA, TACE, PREFACE, ...), such as in 2007 and 2009 with maintenance operations of 4 currentmeter moorings maintenance with RSMAS/USA partners, or in 2011 with gliders deployments, in close association with IFM-GEOMAR/Germany partners and the recovery of 4 RSMAS moorings, or the deployment of radiosoundings and atmospheric measurements in 2014, etc. The PIRATA-FR cruises are now taking part in the training program for observations at sea aimed at young researchers, post-docs and PhD students as part of the "Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean" (POGO) program.

Main results

First, one remind that PIRATA (https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/gtmba/pmel-theme/atlantic-ocean-pirata) is already a 27 years old program, well established and, after its international evaluation by the Climate and Ocean: Variability, Predictability and Change Program (CLIVAR) and the Ocean Observations Panel for Climate in 2006, has been recognized as the backbone of the tropical Atlantic observing system, major component of the Tropical Atlantic Observing System (TAOS). PIRATA also serves as the baseline climate record in the tropical Atlantic through sustained observing of the Essential Climate and Ocean Variables (ECOV) defined by the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). PIRATA provides invaluable data for numerous and varied applications, among which are analyses of climate variability on intraseasonal to decadal timescales, equatorial dynamics, mixed-layer temperature and salinity budgets, air-sea fluxes, model validation, data assimilation, and weather and climate forecasts. The data provided in real time is taken into account operationally by most of the world's operational weather and ocean forecasting centres.

PIRATA network data are made available free of charge to the whole international scientific community; it is thus impossible to draw up an exhaustive statement of their use and the number of publications using these data. They are presently routinely used for operationnal purposes (meteo and oceano), for their integration in products or analyses (climatologies), for the validation of satellite measurements and products derived from these measurements¿ and they are also often assimilated with the global tropical network data sets (along with those of the Pacific Ocean TAO and Indian Ocean RAMA), without PIRATA being explicitly mentioned. The main results summarized below are therefore established from informations retrieved by the PIRATA SSG members, who regularly update a list of publications (see http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/pne/pdf/PIRATA_references.pdf). These results have been detailed in a paper dedicated to PIRATA (status and perspectives) published in 2019 (Bourlès et al., 2019) and also in a paper dedicated to the description of the Tropical Atlantic Observing System (Foltz et al., 2019). So, we only present here some results obtained these last years by scientists from the French community associated with the PIRATA SNO (https://www.brest.ird.fr/pirata/index_fr.php), and who have contributed to 393 rank A publications (recorded in autumn 2023).

1: Mixed Layer Heat and Freshwater Budgets

Observational studies of the equatorial mixed layer heat balance have concluded that vertical turbulent mixing drives seasonal cooling in the eastern Atlantic, consistent with modeling studies (Giordani et al., 2013; Giordani & Caniaux, 2011; Jouanno et al., 2011; Planton et al., 2018). In the western part of the Atlantic Cold Tongue -ACT- (west of around 20°W), the zonal advection acts with turbulent mixing to cool the Sea Surface Temperature -SST- (Giordani et al., 2013; Hummels et al., 2014; Jouanno et al., 2011). Several recent studies focus on the processes that control turbulent mixing in the ACT region, where variations in thermocline depth and vertical current shear are significant, even at scales below seasonal variations. There is growing evidence that diurnal and intraseasonal variations of surface heat fluxes, winds, and currents are important for understanding the seasonal cycle, through the tropical instability wave (TIW) and wind-forced Rossby-gravity waves (Hummels et al., 2013 ; Jouanno et al., 2013). Outside of the equatorial band (2°S-2°N), the impact of vertical mixing on surface cooling is much weaker (Hummels et al., 2013).

Recently, Hummels et al. (2020 - Surface cooling caused by rare but intense near- inertial wave induced mixing in the tropical Atlantic, Nat. Com.) looked at the direct response of the tropical mixed layer to near-inertial waves (NIW) recognizable by their characteristic circularly polarized horizontal velocities and the resulting vertical shear at the ML (Figure 1). Based on turbulence measurements, the authors show the existence of a high vertical heat flow through the base of the mixed layer during the passage of a near-inertial wave, cooling the mixed layer. Despite their intermittent local nature, NIWs occur preferentially during the boreal summer, probably associated with the passage of easterly African atmospheric waves, which have an impact on the seasonal evolution of sea surface temperature and biological productivity in the tropical North Atlantic.

To assess the processes behind SST variability, they analyse the heat balance of the mixed layer. This requires observations of air-sea heat fluxes, horizontal velocities and temperatures in the upper ocean, and estimates of vertical exchange processes at the base of the mixed layer. PIRATA moorings are ideal locations for mixed layer heat budget studies, as most of the observations required are available.

Figure 1: Near inertial wave event near 11.5°N, 23°W during September 2015. Data from the vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (vmADCP) from top to bottom: (a) current vectors from the first vmADCP, (b) zonal velocity (u), (c) meridional velocity (v), and (d) squared vertical shear of horizontal velocities (Sh²). From Hummels et al., 2020.

2: Equatorial circulation :

Regional climate variability in the tropical Atlantic, from interannual to decadal scales, is strongly connected to changes in the tropical current system, with climatic impacts such as abnormal rainfall or drought on the surrounding continents (Bourlès et al., 2019; Foltz et al., 2019). Furthermore, the supply of dissolved oxygen in the upper layer of the tropical Atlantic ocean is closely linked to zonal current bands (Brandt et al., 2008; Brandt et al., 2012; Burmeister et al., 2020) and in particular to the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and its long-term variations, with potential implications for regional marine ecosystems (Brandt et al., 2021). The EUC, which flows eastwards between 70 to 200 m depth, forms one of the strongest tropical currents, with maximum velocities of up to 1 m.s^-1 and maximum variability on a seasonal time scale (Brandt et al., 2014; Johns et al., 2014). In the intermediate to deep equatorial Atlantic, variability on longer timescales is mainly governed by alternating, vertically stacked zonal currents (equatorial deep jets - EDJ; Johnson and Zhang, 2003).

While the variability of the zonal velocity component on the equator is concentrated on seasonal to interannual time scales (Brandt et al., 2016 - Figure 2; Claus et al., 2016; Kopte et al, 2018), meridional velocity fluctuations dominate the intraseasonal period (20 to 50 days) due to the presence and passage of westward propagating Tropical Instability Waves (TIW; Grodsky et al., 2005; Bunge et al., 2007; Wenegrat and McPhaden, 2015; Tuchen et al., 2018; Specht et al., 2021). In general, intraseasonal variability in the central equatorial Atlantic is mainly attributed to TIWs in the upper ocean (Athie and Marin, 2008), while intraseasonal variability in the deep ocean is associated with the signature of equatorial Yanai wave (Ascani et al., 2015; Tuchen et al., 2018, Körner et al., 2022). The observed and modelled interaction between intraseasonal equatorial waves and EDJs was found to maintain the deep equatorial circulation (Greatbatch et al., 2018; Bastin et al., 2020), highlighting the importance of intraseasonal variability for equatorial ocean dynamics.

Figure 2: Monthly means (squares) of the 30¿300-m EUC transport at 238W, 108W, and 08 from observations taken from October 2007 to June 2011 (Johns et al. 2014, blue) and the TRATL01 model output derived for the whole model period 1995¿2007 (red) as well as for four successive 3-yr subsets of the time series (gray). Thick solid lines represent the mean seasonal cycles derived from annual and semiannual harmonic fits of the observations (blue) and simulations (red). From Brandt et al., 2016

These conclusions are largely based on or supported by a unique and steadily expanding dataset of current velocity observations in the central equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Since 2001, current velocities have been measured almost continuously as part of the PIRATA programme, which regularly services a moored observatory located at 0°N-23°W (Bourlès et al., 2019). The importance of this dataset is characterised by the length of the time series and by the full-depth coverage of current velocity observations, which enable a detailed analysis of both upper-ocean and deep-ocean dynamics over a wide range of time scales and frequencies.

Recently, Tuchen et al (2022) have combined a current dataset at 23°W-0°N. With the current velocity data product presented on Figure 3, they aim to provide a large and publicly available reference data set that could be used to validate models and reanalysis products. The time series will be useful for studies focusing on long-term climate variability to search for links with changes in the equatorial circulation over the last 20 years. Earlier versions of this data product have already been used in various studies and have contributed significantly to a better understanding of the dynamics of the equatorial ocean. The 0°N-23°W moored observatory is a permanent example of a successful multilateral collaboration extending over more than two decades. The authors are committed to regularly updating the data set following future mooring recoveries of which the next of which is scheduled for 2023.

Figure 3 : Zonal current velocity time series from the moored observatory at 0°N, 23°W. Note that the color bar is limited to velocities of up to ±0.3 m s^-1 in order to visualize the deep equatorial circulation. The Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) in the upper 200 m generally exceeds eastward velocities of 0.8 m s^-1. The vertical mean profiles of zonal (u) and meridional (v) velocity (in m s^-1) are also represented in the inset (thick lines) and their standard deviation (shaded envelopes). Please note the different axes for zonal velocity (black; top axis) and meridional velocity (green; bottom axis). From Tuchen et al., 2022.

3: Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Coupling and Modes of Variability.

Interannual to decadal variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean is typically described in terms of two climate modes: a meridional mode that is represented by an interhemispheric SST gradient and a zonal or Atlantic Niño mode that is associated with SST variations in the eastern equatorial ACT region (similar to the Pacific El Niño mode). Pronounced SST anomalies also occur in the Gulf of Guinea and along the Southwestern African coast off Angola, named Benguela Niños and closely associated to the equatorial mode. These climate modes are of importance especially due to their impact on precipitation over the adjacent continents : rainfall over the Northeast Brazil are closely related to SST variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (Hounsou-Gbo et al., 2015), and SST variability in the ACT is related to the West African Monsoon (De Coëtlogon et al., 2010; Brandt et al., 2011; Caniaux et al., 2011).

The PIRATA time series, initiated in 1997, are now long enough to be used to investigate interannual variability. Thus, Benguela Niños events are primarily forced remotely from the equator by equatorial Kelvin waves followed by poleward coastally trapped waves (Imbol Koungue et al., 2017; Rouault et al., 2017), even though local wind forcing might play a role as well (Bachèlery et al., 2016). Imbol Koungue et al. (2017) show that all Benguela Niños are first detected as equatorial Kelvin waves by the PIRATA moorings along the equator 1 month before they start to appear off Angola (Figure 4). Also, the anomalously cold 2005 ACT in the eastern equatorial Atlantic could be particularly studied and has been related to an early onset of the ACT and strong intraseasonal wind bursts (Herbert & Bourlès, 2018). Awo et al. (2018) showed that both meridional and equatorial modes impact the SSS through atmospheric and/or oceanic processes. The atmospheric forcing, related to the ITCZ migration, controls the equatorial region, while advection due to modulation of circulation, vertical SSS gradient, and mixing at the base of the mixed layer drive SSS anomalies in the region under the influence of river plumes.

Figure 4: Top: from left to right, (a) longitude-time diagram of 5-day means of Z20 anomalies (m) along the equator inferred from PIRATA moorings and interpolated between mooring locations, (b) SSH anomalies (cm) inferred from AVISO along the equator averaged between 18°S and 18°N, (c) latitude-time diagram of SSH anomalies (cm) inferred from AVISO averaged within 18 coastal fringe, and (d) time series of sea surface temperature anomalies (°C) averaged from 10°S to 15°S within 18 coastal fringe for the period July 2003 to May 2004. Bottom, (e-h): The same plots are represented, but for the period August 2011 to December 2012. From Imbol Koungue et al. (2017).

4: PIRATA and understanding the physical and biogeochemical coupled processes in the tropical Atlantic

Having systematically acquired measurements of nutrient since 2004 and chlorophyll pigments since 2011 during the annual PIRATA-FR cruises, the time series became significant and relevant for analyse the processes involved in the seasonal variations of nutrient in the Tropical Atlantic cold water tongue region (Radenac et al., 2020). The combined use of all these measurements acquired between 2004 and 2014 and the results of a coupled physical-biogeochemical numerical model has shown that above the mixing layer i) the 1^st major phytoplankton bloom observed in July-August is induced by a strong vertical nitrate input in May-July, while the more modest 2^nd bloom observed in December is also due to a shorter and more moderate nitrate input; ii) vertical advection controls nitrate inputs into the equatorial euphotic layer, while vertical diffusion and meridional advection condition the bloom outside the equatorial band. Beneath the mixed layer, i) the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) brings nitrate-poor water but with concentrations sufficient to boost productivity within the cold water tongue, and ii) meridional advection contributes significantly to nitrate decline (Figure 5, Radenac et al., 2020).

Figure 5: Seasonal cycle of vertical profiles of (a) chlorophyll (mg/m³⁾, (b) nitrate(mmol/L), (c) nitrate change rate, (d) zonal advection, (e) meridional advection, (f) vertical advection, (g) vertical diffusion, (h) nitrate source minus sink, and (i) physical processes averaged in 1.5°S-0.5°N, 20°W-5°W. Tendency units are micromoles per liter per day. Tendency contours are every 0.1 micromolL^-1d^-1. The depths of the mixed layer (upper solid line), of the euphotic layer (lower solid line), of the EUC core (dashed line), and of the 20°C isotherm (dotted line) are indicated. From Radenac et al. (2020).

Along the equator, the productivity also shows strong intraseasonal and shorter-term variability. Tropical Instability Waves (TIWs) and wind-forced intraseasonal waves stimulate local productivity through meridional advection of both nitrate and chlorophyll as well as events of enhanced vertical advection and mixing (Hummels et al., 2013; Jouanno et al., 2013). High productive events could be observed in boreal autumn that took place shortly after the seasonal maximum in TIW activity (Brandt et al., 2023).

Long-term observations in the eastern tropical Atlantic reveal a strengthening of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) between 2008 and 2018, mainly due to changes in the trade winds in the western North Tropical Atlantic. This intensification of the EUC is associated with an increase in subsurface oxygen concentrations and a thickening of the upper-ocean oxygenated layer in the equatorial Atlantic. These changes counteract climate-warming-induced deoxygenation in the region (Figure 6, Brandt et al., 2021).

Figure 6 : a) Dissolved oxygen concentration along the Atlantic Equator in september-october 2019 b) Dissolved oxygen anomaly relative to the climatological year 2000 state. c) Eastward velocity. Black lines indicates isopycnes 25 kg m^-3, 26 kg m^-3, 26,5 kg m^-3, 27 kg m^-3 et 27,25 kg m^-3. From Brandt et al. (2021).

5: PIRATA and understanding CO₂variability

Some PIRATA buoys are equipped with CO₂ parameter sensors, and sea water samples are also taken from 2005 during the annual French PIRATA cruises, for analysis of these parameters.

The mooring at 6°S, 10°W allowed to study the influence of internal waves that increase surface fCO₂ and nutrients in the mixed layer (Parard et al., 2014). This region is a net source of CO₂ to the atmosphere and exhibits a significant year-to-year variability (Parard et al., 2010; Lefèvre & Merlivat, 2012). On seasonal timescales, the fCO₂ variations are mainly correlated with SSS; on interannual timescales they are explained by salinity advection induced by wind variations (Figure 7 - Lefèvre et al., 2016). No significant long-term trend is detected over the period 2006-2013 on CO₂ or any other physical parameter; however, as atmospheric fCO₂ is increasing over time, the outgassing of CO₂ is reduced over the period 2006-2013, as the flux is mainly controlled by the difference of fCO₂ between the ocean and the atmosphere (Lefèvre et al., 2016).

Figure 7: Hourly distribution of (a) SST, (b) SSS and (c) fCO2 from January to December for the years 2006 to 2013. From April 2012 the high resolution SSS is not available so mean daily data are plotted. Orange shaded areas correspond to high fCO2 associated with low SST. From Lefèvre et al. (2016).

Seawater samplings allowed to establish a robust alkalinity-salinity relationship in the Gulf of Guinea (Koffi et al., 2010). From samples collected in the 12°W-10°E, 10°S-10°N region during PIRATA-FR cruises from 2005 to 2019, Lefèvre et al. (2021) established a relationship linking Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) to temperature, salinity and year has been determined, with salinity being the strongest predictor. From this relation, the monthly regional distribution of DIC has been estimated in order to map its spatial variations and the monthly climatology of DIC has been built for the January 2010 to September 2019 period (Figure 8, Lefèvre et al., 2021). Results shows that DIC (and TA) concentrations are lower in the northern part of the basin where surface waters are fresher and warmer. The highest DIC values occur during the cold and productive season, in July¿September each year due to vertical supply of subsurface waters that is responsible for bringing CO2-rich waters to the surface that spread over the basin. It is the dominant process and the biological activity is not strong enough to counterbalance the carbon supply.

Figure 8: Climatology of DIC (micromol/kg) obtained from the relationship defined by Lefèvre et al. 2021 using monthly fields of MODIS SST and SMOS SSS and performed over the January 2010 to September 2019 period. From Lefèvre et al.,2021.

6: PIRATA and Turbulent Mixing From Microstructure Measurements.

French PIRATA service cruises allowed, in collaboration with Germany (GEOMAR) and USA (OSU) teams, to carry out turbulence measurements and to maintain some turbulence sensors at two buoys along the equator from 2013 in the mixed layer. Hummels et al. (2014) analyzed the mixed layer cooling induced by turbulence in the ACT region, and showed that the turbulence contribution is the strongest in the equatorial band (2°S-2°N), and decreases at off-equatorial regions and going eastward toward African coast (Figure 9), so confirming some previous numerical studies (Jouanno et al., 2011; Giordani et al., 2013).

Figure 9: Left panels: Individual contributions to the ML heat budget at the different locations within the ACT: a) a) 0°N-23°W, c) 0°N-10°W, e) 0°N-0°E et g) 10°S-10°W. Vertical red lines denote 95 % confidence limits for the diapycnal ML heat loss. Right panels: Sum of the individual contributions without (black) and with (red) the diapycnal ML heat loss; observed heat storage is in green. Grey shading denotes 95% confidencelimits for the sum of terms excluding the diapycnal ML heat loss, red vertical lines denote 95% confidence limits including the diapycnal ML heat loss. From Hummels et al., 2014.

Recently, Moum et al (2022) highlighted one of the specific features of equatorial cold water tongues - deep cycle turbulence. The equatorial cold tongues are large oceanic zones that extract a globally disproportionate amount of heat from the atmosphere, and where that heat is mixed downwards to the deeper ocean, a critical process in climate regulation. This mixing is dominated by deep cycle turbulence, a well-documented feature of the central equatorial Pacific cold tongue. On the equator, in contrast, opposing currents at the surface and roughly 100 m below the surface create a dynamic environment in which nightly increases in turbulence occur over many tens of meters below the mixed layer base Using massive data sets from the Pacific and Atlantic cold tongues, the authors show that deep cycle turbulence is present at all 3 sites with consistent characteristics (Figure 10). These turbulence measurements provide an unprecedented data set designed to improve our understanding of vertical mixing in the ocean, and to improve parameterizations of vertical mixing in climate models, which are characterised by strong biases in cold water tongues.

Figure 10: Measurements from Xpod deployments in the (a) Pacific and (b) Atlantic cold tongues. Time series at (c) 140°W, (d) 23°W and (e) 10°W show colored bars (from monthly averages) to represent turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate. Background color is temperature (T). Solid white areas indicate lost moorings. Thin red line is the mixed layer (hereafter ML) depth defined as the depth at which T is smaller by 0.015° from its value at 1 m. Thin blue line is depth of Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) core, the depth at which the zonal current shear is 0. Nominal Xpod depths at 140°W are [30, 50, 70, 90, 120] m with occasional deployments at other depths. Nominal Xpod depths at 10°W, 23°W are [20, 35, 50, 65, 80] m. From Moum et al., 2022.

7: PIRATA Data in Ocean Products and in Operational Analyses and Forecasts .

7.1: Product Development and Validation With PIRATA Data:

In addition to several products developed by international operational teams (e.g. ICODS, OAFlux, TROPflux...), PIRATA data (either from buoys or acquired during the service cruises) are widely used within the French community and by CORIOLIS, notably for surface salinity products development (Reverdin et al., 2007 ; Da-Allada et al., 2014 ; Gaillard et al., 2015) and in the In Situ Analysis System product (ISAS ; Kolodziejczyk et al., 2017). ISAS has been commonly used in several publications and for numerical simulations validation (e.g., Da-Allada et al., 2017, Jouanno et al., 2017).

In situ data (CTD, SVP, Argo, PIRATA buoys) allowed the validation of measurements acquired with thermistor chains and thus to correct these measurements transmitted to the CORIOLIS GDAC (Rousselot et al., 2017).

7.2: Validation of numerical simulations:

Most of the results summarized above are based on numerical models validated with in situ and other measurements including PIRATA data (e.g. Kolodziejczyk et al., 2009, 2014 ; Jouanno et al., 2011, 2013; Imbol Kongue et al. 2017). More recently, hydrographic and acoustic measurements obtained during the French PIRATA cruise from 2015 onboard the R/V Thalassa were used in a numerical model dedicated to investigating spatiotemporal dynamics of fish populations under the influence of both fishing and environment, the "Spatial Ecosystem And POpulation DYnamic Model" (SEAPODYM; e.g., Lehodey et al., 2015; see www.seapodym.org). Such first experiments clearly demonstrated that the PIRATA network is one of the best observation networks for data assimilation in SEAPODYM-midtrophic level, proving that PIRATA may also be relevant for biological research (Delpech et al., 2020).

7.3: PIRATA Data Use in Operational Meteorology and Oceanography.

The operational systems of Mercator Océan are based on the NEMO/PISCES ocean models and a Kalman filter that assimilates the PIRATA data (Lellouche et al., 2013). Temperature and salinity profiles are assimilated on a daily basis. Note that Mercator-Océan systems are forced by ECMWF atmospheric fluxes that are also using PIRATA measurements (meteorological and sea surface temperature). The direct impact of PIRATA data on real-time hindcast has been evaluated positively (Poli, 2018).

The in situ temperature and salinity profiles that are available in real time are also used for validation by operational centers. In the frame of GODAE OceanView, and also as part of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service, dedicated working groups have been designing these past years' real-time assessment methods based on the existing available data set (Hernandez et al., 2015).

Recently, Gasparin et al (2023) dissociated the impact of in situ observations from satellite observations in the Mercator Ocean operational system. Indeed, ocean monitoring and forecasting systems, combining ocean observations and numerical models through advanced data assimilation techniques, are essential to monitor and forecast past, present and future ocean conditions. However, given the continuous development of oceanic models and data assimilation techniques in addition to the increased diversity of assimilated platforms, it becomes more and more difficult to establish how information from observations is used, and to determine the utility and relevance of a change of the global ocean observing system on ocean analyses. In this study, a series of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE) were carried out to investigate the impact of various observing system components by distinguishing between satellites and in situ observations (Argo floats and tropical moorings), as well as the impact of recommended changes in these observing systems. A multiscale approach was used to better understand how the different components of the observing systems contribute to constraining physical ocean processes. The results show that the analysis system can represent 40-80% of the temperature variance at mesoscale and more than 80% for larger scales, with a strong constraint on mesoscale variability by satellite data and large-scale variability by in situ profiles (Figure 11). Future enhancements of Argo observations and tropical mooring networks such as PIRATA should benefit ocean analyses at different scales, particularly for salinity-related quantities. These results provide a better understanding on the role of observing system components in the integrated ocean observing system.

Figure 11: Globally averaged percentage of Nature Run represented variance for subsurface temperature and salinity at intermediate (A, B) and large scales (C, D) from the FREE, NOMINAL, ONLYSAT, ONLYSITU experiments. Timeseries have been filtered with running mean filters (1°x1°x20-day, 9°x9°x90-day). From Gasparin et al., 2023.

8: Other PIRATA valorisation:

- PIRATA contributes to the realization of other programs, for which dedicated PIRATA cruises are opportunities for: 1) the deployment of surface -or subsurface- drifting buoys, of XBT, and of autonomous profilers (notably for CLIVAR, ARGO and CORIOLIS), 2) taking sea water samplings (e.g. for IGBP and SOLAS programmes) or biogeochemical measurements (through CO2, C13, O18, nutrients, Chl pigments samplings) and 3) for heavy operations carried out in the framework of associated programmes (eg : currentmeter moorings in the Gulf of Guinea with TACE/Clivar -2007-2011- ; gliders in 2011 with TACE/Clivar; atmospheric measurements - Picarro sensor and radiosoundings- in 2014-).

- PIRATA contributes, in the frame of CORIOLIS and through the real time data transmission (XBT, CTD...) from the Research Vessels during annual cruises, to GODAE and MERCATOR and feeds ODATIS databases in accordance with the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data principles.

- Thanks to dedicated cruises and data made available for free via dedicated sites and GDAC, PIRATA contributes to train and sensibilize scientists from Southern countries (mostly in Africa) on ocean and climate research; this is particularly true since the creation in 2008 in Benin of a regional master's degree program dedicated to Physical Oceanography and Applications, thanks to a collaboration between IRD, University Paul Sabatier of Toulouse, and the UNESCO International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications of the University of Abomey-Calavi. About 50 students or young scientists have been invited to contribute to PIRATA-FR cruises, so being trained to sea measurements acquisition. These actions are carried out in close collaboration with Brazilian partners of the Recife University (UFPE), via the supervision of this M2 students, then PhD and post docs. Graduates of this master's degree program include about 30 doctoral students who have subsequently occupied positions on both sides of the Atlantic (Benin, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Senegal, South Africa, France, Germany, Brazil, and Canada), and some got some positions. This master's program is currently evolving into an international cooperation between Benin, France, and Brazil, continuing to reinforce north-south links and developing south-south partnerships, as expressed in the "Belem Statement" (see https://www.atlanticresource.org/aora/belem-statement). Finally, the PIRATA-FR cruises are now taking part in the training programme for observations at sea aimed at young researchers, post-docs and PhD students as part of the "Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean" (POGO) programme.

Data acquired and analyses carried out at sea and on shore

1: Data from meteo-oceanic ATLAS & TFLEX moorings of the PIRATA network :

-Meteo : wind (direction, amplitude), humidity, temperature, precipitation, radiation (short waves, and long waves on TFLEX), atmospheric pressure (TFLEX).

-Ocean : At some particular depths : temperature, salinity, pressure, and also current at 12m on all buoys. In addition, a number of additional sensors (temperature, salinity, current meters, oxygen and fluorometer) funded by various projects (H2020 TriATLAS, LEFE-GMMC PODIOM, SURFMOD, CNES and IRD) have been deployed on certain moorings (under the responsibility of SNO PIRATA) in recent years, increasing the vertical resolution of the moorings and extending the measurements to new parameters.

Schematic representation of a PIRATA met-oceanic mooring

All these data sets are managed by NOAA/PMEL (Seattle). Data (6h or 24h averaged, depending on buoys) are transmitted in real time and disseminated via the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) and Global Data Servers (GDS) for the operationl forecasting centres. High frequency data sets are retrieved on all sensors during annual servicing cruises, then validated at PMEL once sensors calibrated (and taking into account CTD profiles data made close to the buoys). All these data are then made available by PMEL in delayed mode to the entire scientific community through the following website: https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/drupal/disdel/.

2: Data from ADCP equatorial moorings (current) :

These data (horizontal components of the current, from the surface down to 300m) obtained from the 3 equatorial moorings (at 23°W, 10°W and 0°E or 3°W from 2022) are analyzed onboard, then finalized/validated in the laboratory (IRD, UAR IMAGO, Brest), every two years (each mooring is serviced/replaced every two years). See DOI : 10.17882/51557 and https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.924689

3: CTDO₂/LADCP profiles:

These data are acquired during profiles (generally carried out down to 2000m, sometimes 500m or 1000m, sometimes 4000m) ; a first treatment is made onboard, then finalized in the laboratory (IRD, UAR IMAGO, Brest), once sensors used during the cruises are calibrated. See DOI : 10.17882/51534 and 10.17882/71295

4: Sea water samplings analysis :

Salinity and dissolved oxygen (O2) samples are analyzed onboard (IRD, UAR IMAGO)
pH (from 2022) and Total Alkalinity (TA) (from 2023) samples are analyzed onboard (IRD, UAR IMAGO)
Nutrients and Chl pigments are analyzed in the laboratory in Brest (IRD, UAR IMAGO).

All these chemistry data can be accessed via their DOI: 10.17882/58141

All other samplings (CO2 : DIC/AT ; C¹³/DIC, ¹⁸O) are not under the PIRATA-FR responsability and analyzed by their PIs (UMR LOCEAN). The DIC/TA and pCO2 data are available on the SOCAT website, while the ¹⁸O and Deuterium (D) isotope data now have a DOI: https://doi.org/10.17882/71186. The ¹³C/DIC isotopic data have also been assigned a DOI: https://doi.org/10.17882/82165.

5: Others/miscellaneous : opportunity deployements:measurements/samplings.

Data acquired with other instruments deployed during the cruises (eg : ARGO profilers, surface drifting buoys SVP...) are not under the PIRATA-FR responsability (ARGO-France, Meteo-France, LEFE or EU H2020 projects ...) are analyzed in the laboratory.
Sea water samplings for Particulate Organic Matter (POM) and/or environmental ADN are not under the PIRATA-FR responsability and are analyzed in the laboratory (UMR LEMAR, MIO...).
Eventual biology samplings (sargassum, anatifes, tuna, plankton...) are not under the PIRATA-FR responsability, and are analyzed in the laboratory (UMR LEMAR, MIO...).

Published data

(2024) Water isotopes of sea water analyzed since 1998 at LOCEAN. https://doi.org/10.17882/71186

Metzl Nicolas, Fin Jonathan, Lo Monaco Claire, Mignon Claude, Alliouane Samir, Bombled Bruno, Boutin Jacqueline, Bozec Yann, Comeau Steeve, Conan Pascal, Coppola Laurent, Cuet Pascale, Ferreira Eva, Gattuso Jean-Pierre, Gazeau Frédéric, Goyet Catherine, Grossteffan Emilie, Lansard Bruno, Lefèvre Dominique, Lefèvre Nathalie, Leseurre Coraline, Lombard Fabien, Petton Sébastien, Pujo-Pay Mireille, Rabouille Christophe, Reverdin Gilles, Ridame Céline, Rimmelin-Maury Peggy, Ternon Jean-François, Touratier Franck, Tribollet Aline, Wagener Thibaut, Wimart-Rousseau Cathy (2024). An updated synthesis of ocean total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 1993 to 2023: the SNAPO-CO2-v2 dataset. https://doi.org/10.17882/102337

Habasque Jérémie, Bourlès Bernard, Bertrand Arnaud, Lebourges-Dhaussy Anne, Grelet Jacques, Rousselot Pierre, Llido Jérome (2024). French PIRATA cruises: acoustic data. https://doi.org/10.17882/71379

(2023) Isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in sea water analyzed since 1990 at LOCEAN (DICisotopes). https://doi.org/10.17882/82165

Metzl Nicolas, Fin Jonathan, Lo Monaco Claire, Mignon Claude, Alliouane Samir, Antoine David, Bourdin Guillaume, Boutin Jacqueline, Bozec Yann, Conan Pascal, Coppola Laurent, Douville Eric, Durrieu De Madron Xavier, Gattuso Jean-Pierre, Gazeau Frédéric, Golbol Melek, Lansard Bruno, Lefèvre Dominique, Lefèvre Nathalie, Lombard Fabien, Louanchi Férial, Merlivat Liliane, Olivier Léa, Petrenko Anne, Petton Sébastien, Pujo-Pay Mireille, Rabouille Christophe, Reverdin Gilles, Ridame Céline, Tribollet Aline, Vellucci Vincenzo, Wagener Thibaut, Wimart-Rousseau Cathy (2023). A synthesis of ocean total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 1993 to 2022: the SNAPO-CO2-v1 dataset. https://doi.org/10.17882/95414

Bourles Bernard, Baurand Francois, Hillion Sandrine, Rousselot Pierre, Grelet Jacques, Bachelier Celine, Roubaud Fabrice, Gouriou Yves, Chuchla Remy, Cariou Thierry, Llido Jerome (2023). French PIRATA cruises: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS data. https://doi.org/10.17882/58141

Bourlès Bernard, Rousselot Pierre, Grelet Jacques, Roubaud Fabrice, Bachelier Celine, Chuchla Remy, Gouriou Yves, Llido Jerome (2023). French PIRATA cruises: CTD-O2 data. https://doi.org/10.17882/51534

Bourlès Bernard, Llido Jerome, Rousselot Pierre, Habasque Jérémie, Grelet Jacques, Roubaud Fabrice, Bachelier Céline (2023). French PIRATA cruises: MOORING ADCP data. https://doi.org/10.17882/51557

Bourlès Bernard, Herbert Gaëlle, Rousselot Pierre, Grelet Jacques, Llido Jerome (2023). French PIRATA cruises: S-ADCP data. https://doi.org/10.17882/44635

Bourles Bernard, Rousselot Pierre, Grelet Jacques, Marin Frederic, Roubaud Fabrice, Bachelier Celine, Gouriou Yves, Llido Jerome (2023). French PIRATA cruises: LADCP data (and processing protocol). https://doi.org/10.17882/71295

Lefevre Nathalie (2022). Inorganic carbon and alkalinity in the Eastern tropical Atlantic in 2022. https://doi.org/10.17882/92386

Bourles, Bernard, Provost, Christine, Bunge, Lucia, Brandt, Peter, Hahn, Johannes, Tuchen, Franz Philip, Krahmann, Gerd (2020). Physical oceanography from mooring KPO_0611. https://doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.924689

Lefevre Nathalie (2020). Inorganic carbon and alkalinity in the Eastern tropical Atlantic measured during the PIRATA FR-30 cruise in February-March 2020. https://doi.org/10.17882/90742

Lefevre Nathalie (2019). Carbon parameters in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic in 2019. https://doi.org/10.17882/83682

Lefevre Nathalie (2019). Underway fCO2 in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic in 2019. https://doi.org/10.17882/83683

Testor Pierre (2018). pirata deployment (EGO glider : bonpland) (Atlantic Ocean - Gulf of Guinea). https://doi.org/10.17882/56456

Bibliography

Publications

Albernhe S., Gorgues Thomas, Lehodey P., Menkes C., Titaud O., Magon De La Giclais S., Conchon A. (2024). Global characterization of modelled micronekton in biophysically defined provinces. Progress in Oceanography, 229, 103370 (13p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103370 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00917/102904/

Hans A. C., Brandt P., Gasparin F., Claus M., Cravatte S., Horstmann J., Reverdin G. (2024). Observed Diurnal Cycles of Near‐Surface Shear and Stratification in the Equatorial Atlantic and Their Wind Dependence. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 129(8), e2023JC020870 (. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020870 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00912/102349/

Musetti De Assis Carlos Augusto, Pinho Luana Queiroz, Fernandes Alexandre Macedo, Araujo Moacyr, Cotrim Da Cunha Leticia (2024). Reconstruction of the marine carbonate system at the Western Tropical Atlantic: trends and variabilities from 20 years of the PIRATA program. Frontiers In Marine Science, 11, 1286960 (18p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1286960 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00899/101044/

Odin Marc, Barret Maialen, Biancamaria Sylvain, Dassas Karin, Firmin Antoine, Gandois Laure, Gheusi François, Kuppel Sylvain, Maisonobe Marion, Mialon Arnaud, Monnier Loïs, Pantillon Florian, Toublanc Florence. Comprehensive carbon footprint of Earth and environmental science laboratories: implications for sustainable scientific practice. ESS Open Archive IN PRESS. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170965077.73149239/v1 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00881/99282/

Lefèvre Nathalie, Veleda Doris, Beaumont Laurence (2024). Trends and drivers of CO2 parameters, from 2006 to 2021, at a time-series station in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic (6°S, 10°W). Frontiers in Marine Science, 11, 1299071 (14p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1299071 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00912/102350/

Médieu Anais, Point David, Sonke Jeroen E., Angot Hélène, Allain Valerie, Bodin Nathalie, Adams Douglas H., Bignert Anders, Streets David G., Buchanan Pearse B., Heimbürger-Boavida Lars-Eric, Pethybridge Heidi, Gillikin David P., Ménard Frédéric, Choy C. Anela, Itai Takaaki, Bustamante Paco, Dhurmeea Zahirah, Ferriss Bridget E., Bourlès Bernard, Habasque Jeremie, Verheyden Anouk, Munaron Jean-Marie, Laffont Laure, Gauthier Olivier, Lorrain Anne (2024). Stable Tuna Mercury Concentrations since 1971 Illustrate Marine Inertia and the Need for Strong Emission Reductions under the Minamata Convention. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 11(3), 250-258. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00949

Metzl Nicolas, Fin Jonathan, Lo Monaco Claire, Mignon Claude, Alliouane Samir, Antoine David, Bourdin Guillaume, Boutin Jacqueline, Bozec Yann, Conan Pascal, Coppola Laurent, Diaz Frédéric, Douville Eric, Durrieu De Madron Xavier, Gattuso Jean-Pierre, Gazeau Frédéric, Golbol Melek, Lansard Bruno, Lefèvre Dominique, Lefèvre Nathalie, Lombard Fabien, Louanchi Férial, Merlivat Liliane, Olivier Léa, Petrenko Anne, Petton Sébastien , Pujo-Pay Mireille, Rabouille Christophe, Reverdin Gilles, Ridame Céline, Tribollet Aline, Vellucci Vincenzo, Wagener Thibaut, Wimart-Rousseau Cathy (2024). A synthesis of ocean total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 1993 to 2022: the SNAPO-CO2-v1 dataset. Earth System Science Data, 16(1), 89-120. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00859/97094/

Lefèvre Nathalie, Veleda Doris, Hartman Susan E. (2023). Outgassing of CO2 dominates in the coastal upwelling off the northwest African coast. Deep-sea Research Part I-oceanographic Research Papers, 200, 104130 (14p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2023.104130 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00849/96094/

Moum James N., Smyth William D., Hughes Kenneth G., Cherian Deepak, Warner Sally J., Bourles Bernard, Brandt Peter, Dengler Marcus (2023). Wind Dependencies of Deep Cycle Turbulence in the Equatorial Cold Tongues. Journal Of Physical Oceanography, 53(8), 1979-1995. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-22-0203.1 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00882/99402/

Brandt Peter, Alory Gaël, Awo Founi Mesmin, Dengler Marcus, Djakouré Sandrine, Imbol Koungue Rodrigue Anicet, Jouanno Julien, Körner Mareike, Roch Marisa, Rouault Mathieu (2023). Physical processes and biological productivity in the upwelling regions of the tropical Atlantic. Ocean Science, 19(3), 581-601. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-581-2023 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00882/99408/

Ngakala Roy Dorgeless, Alory Gaël, Da-Allada Casimir Yélognissè, Kom Olivia Estelle, Jouanno Julien, Rath Willi, Baloïtcha Ezinvi (2023). Joint observation–model mixed-layer heat and salt budgets in the eastern tropical Atlantic. Ocean Science, 19(3), 535-558. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-535-2023 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00882/99409/

Topé G. D. A., Alory G., Djakouré S., Da-Allada C.Y., Jouanno J., Morvan G. (2023). How does the Niger river warm coastal waters in the northern Gulf of Guinea? Frontiers In Marine Science, 10, 1187202 (11p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1187202 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00882/99410/

Assene Fernand, Koch-Larrouy Ariane, Dadou Isabelle, Tchilibou Michel, Morvan Guillaume, Chanut Jérôme, Vantrepotte Vincent, Allain Damien, Tran Trung-Kien. Internal tides off the Amazon shelf Part I : importance for the structuring of ocean temperature during two contrasted seasons. Egusphere IN PRESS. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-418 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00830/94149/

Gasparin Florent, Lellouche Jean-Michael, Cravatte Sophie E., Ruggiero Giovanni, Rohith B., Le Traon Pierre-Yves , Remy Elisabeth (2023). On the control of spatial and temporal oceanic scales by existing and future observing systems: An observing system simulation experiment approach. Frontiers In Marine Science, 10, 1021650 (14p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1021650 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00878/98977/

McPhaden Michael, Connell Kenneth, Foltz Gregory, Perez Renellys, Grissom Karen (2023). Tropical Ocean Observations for Weather and Climate: A Decadal Overview of the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array. Oceanography, 36(2-3), 32-43. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.211 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00860/97187/

Napolitano D. C., Alory G., Dadou I., Morel Y., Jouanno J., Morvan G. (2022). Influence of the Gulf of Guinea islands on the Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent circulation. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 127(9), e2021JC017999 (26p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017999 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00793/90511/

Giordani Herve, Peyrille Philippe (2022). Dynamics of the Atlantic Marine Intertropical Convergence Zone. Journal Of Geophysical Research-atmospheres, 127(16), e2021JD036392 (25p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036392 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00882/99405/

Bonou Frédéric, Medeiros Carmen, Noriega Carlos, Araujo Moacyr, Hounsou-Gbo Aubains, Lefèvre Nathalie (2022). A comparative study of total alkalinity and total inorganic carbon near tropical Atlantic coastal regions. Journal Of Coastal Conservation, 26(4), 31 (16p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-022-00872-5 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00780/89222/

Tuchen Franz Philip, Brandt Peter, Hahn Johannes, Hummels Rebecca, Krahmann Gerd, Bourlès Bernard, Provost Christine, McPhaden Michael J., Toole John M. (2022). Two Decades of Full-Depth Current Velocity Observations From a Moored Observatory in the Central Equatorial Atlantic at 0°N, 23°W. Frontiers In Marine Science, 9, 910979 (7p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.910979 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00782/89439/

Reverdin Gilles, Waelbroeck Claire, Pierre Catherine, Akhoudas Camille, Aloisi Giovanni, Benetti Marion, Bourlès Bernard, Danielsen Magnus, Demange Jérôme, Diverrès Denis, Gascard Jean-Claude, Houssais Marie-Noëlle, Le Goff Hervé, Lherminier Pascale , Lo Monaco Claire, Mercier Herle, Metzl Nicolas, Morisset Simon, Naamar Aïcha, Reynaud Thierry , Sallée Jean-Baptiste, Thierry Virginie , Hartman Susan E., Mawji Edward M., Olafsdottir Solveig, Kanzow Torsten, Velo Anton, Voelker Antje, Yashayaev Igor, Haumann Alexander, Leng Melanie J., Arrowsmith Carol, Meredith Michael (2022). The CISE-LOCEAN seawater isotopic database (1998–2021). Earth System Science Data, 14(6), 2721-2735. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2721-2022 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00750/86197/

Moum James N., Hughes Kenneth G., Shroyer Emily L., Smyth William D., Cherian Deepak, Warner Sally J., Bourlès Bernard, Brandt Peter, Dengler Marcus (2022). Deep cycle turbulence in Atlantic and Pacific cold tongues. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(8), e2021GL097345 (7p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097345 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00765/87666/

Reverdin Gilles, Waelbroeck Claire, Pierre Catherine, Akhoudas Camille, Aloisi Giovanni, Benetti Marion, Bourlès Bernard, Danielsen Magnus, Demange Jérôme, Diverrès Denis, Gascard Jean-Claude, Houssais Marie-Noëlle, Le Goff Hervé, Lherminier Pascale, Lo Monaco Claire, Mercier Herlé, Metzl Nicolas, Morisset Simon, Naamar Aïcha, Reynaud Thierry, Sallée Jean-Baptiste, Thierry Virginie, Hartman Susan E., Mawji Edward M., Olafsdottir Solveig, Kanzow Torsten, Voelker Antje, Yashayaev Igor The CISE-LOCEAN sea water isotopic database (1998?2021). Earth System Science Data IN PRESS. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-34

Brandt Peter, Hahn Johannes, Schmidtko Sunke, Tuchen Franz Philip, Kopte Robert, Kiko Rainer, Bourles Bernard, Czeschel Rena, Dengler Marcus (2021). Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent intensification counteracts warming-induced deoxygenation. Nature Geoscience, 14(5), 278-282. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00716-1 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00882/99403/

Houndegnonto Odilon, Kolodziejczyk Nicolas, Maes Christophe, Bourlès Bernard, Da Allada C. Y., Reul Nicolas (2021). Seasonal variability of freshwater plumes in the eastern Gulf of Guinea as inferred from satellite measurements. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 126(5), e2020JC017041 (27p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC017041 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00690/80170/

Lefèvre Nathalie, Mejia Carlos, Khvorostyanov Dmitry, Beaumont Laurence, Koffi Urbain (2021). Ocean Circulation Drives the Variability of the Carbon System in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic. Oceans-switzerland, 2(1), 126-148. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans2010008 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00678/79046/

Alory Gael, Da-Allada Casimir Yelognisse, Djakoure Sandrine, Dadou Isabelle, Jouanno Julien, Loemba Dorelle Prudence (2021). Coastal Upwelling Limitation by Onshore Geostrophic Flow in the Gulf of Guinea Around the Niger River Plume. Frontiers In Marine Science, 7, 607216 (10p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.607216 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00882/99404/

Lefèvre Nathalie, Tyaquiçã Pedro, Veleda Doris, Perruche Coralie, Van Gennip Simon Jan (2020). Amazon River propagation evidenced by a CO2 decrease at 8°N, 38°W in September 2013. Journal Of Marine Systems, 211, 103419 (11p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2020.103419 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00641/75322/

Assene Fernand, Morel Yves, Delpech Audrey, Aguedjou Micael, Jouanno Julien, Cravatte Sophie, Marin Frederic, Ménesguen Claire , Chaigneau Alexis, Dadou Isabelle, Alory Gael, Holmes Ryan, Bourlès Bernard, Koch-Larrouy Ariane (2020). From Mixing to the Large Scale Circulation: How the Inverse Cascade Is Involved in the Formation of the Subsurface Currents in the Gulf of Guinea. Fluids, 5(3), 147 (36p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids5030147 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00645/75697/

Giordani Hervé, Bourdallé‐badie Romain, Madec Gurvan (2020). An Eddy‐Diffusivity Mass‐Flux Parameterization for Modeling Oceanic Convection. Journal Of Advances In Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002078 (21p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002078 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00882/99411/

Assunção Ramilla V., Silva Alex C., Roy Amedee, Bourlès Bernard, Henrique S. Silva Carlos, Ternon Jean-Francois, Araujo Moacyr, Bertrand Arnaud (2020). 3D characterisation of the thermohaline structure in the southwestern tropical Atlantic derived from functional data analysis of in situ profiles. Progress In Oceanography, 187, 102399 (17p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102399 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00641/75266/

Hummels Rebecca, Dengler Marcus, Rath Willi, Foltz Gregory R., Schutte Florian, Fischer Tim, Brandt Peter (2020). Surface cooling caused by rare but intense near-inertial wave induced mixing in the tropical Atlantic. Nature Communications, 11(1), 3829 (13p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17601-x , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00882/99401/

Burmeister K., Lübbecke J. F., Brandt P., Claus M., Hahn J. (2020). Fluctuations of the Atlantic North Equatorial Undercurrent and associated changes in oxygen transports. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(13), e2020GL088350 (9p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088350 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00632/74432/

Radenac Marie-Helene, Jouanno Julien, Tchamabi Christine Carine, Awo Mesmin, Bourles Bernard, Arnault Sabine, Aumont Olivier (2020). Physical drivers of the nitrate seasonal variability in the Atlantic cold tongue. Biogeosciences, 17(2), 529-545. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-529-2020 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00623/73546/

Delpech Audrey, Conchon Anna, Titaud Olivier, Lehodey Patrick (2020). Influence of oceanic conditions in the energy transfer efficiency estimation of a micronekton model. Biogeosciences, 17(4), 833-850. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-353 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00603/71463/

Pearlman Jay, Bushnell Mark, Coppola Laurent, Karstensen Johannes, Buttigieg Pier Luigi, Pearlman Francoise, Simpsons Pauline, Barbier Michele, Muller-Karger Frank E., Munoz-Mas Cristian, Pissierssens Peter, Chandler Cyndy, Hermes Juliet, Heslop Emma, Jenkyns Reyna, Achterberg Eric P., Bensi Manuel, Bittig Henry C., Blandin Jerome, Bosch Julie, Bourles Bernard, Bozzano Roberto, Buck Justin J. H., Burger Eugene F., Cano Daniel, Cardin Vanessa, Llorens Miguel Charcos, Cianca Andres, Chen Hua, Cusack Caroline, Delory Eric, Garello Rene, Giovanetti Gabriele, Harscoat Valerie , Hartman Susan, Heitsenrether Robert, Jirka Simon, Lara-Lopez Ana, Lanteri Nadine, Leadbetter Adam, Manzella Giuseppe, Maso Joan, McCurdy Andrea, Moussat Eric, Ntoumas Manolis, Pensieri Sara, Petihakis George, Pinardi Nadia, Pouliquen Sylvie, Przeslawski Rachel, Roden Nicholas P., Silke Joe, Tamburri Mario N., Tang Hairong, Tanhua Toste, Telszewski Maciej, Testor Pierre, Thomas Julie, Waldmann Christoph, Whoriskey Fred (2019). Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices and Standards for the Next Decade. Frontiers In Marine Science, 6(277), 19p. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00277 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61423/

Hounsou-Gbo Gbekpo Aubains, Servain Jacques, Araujo Moacyr, Caniaux Guy, Bourles Bernard, Fontenele Diogenes, Martins Eduardo Savio P. R. (2019). SST Indexes in the Tropical South Atlantic for Forecasting Rainy Seasons in Northeast Brazil. Atmosphere, 10(6), 335 (21p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10060335 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00623/73547/

Foltz G. R., Brandt P., Richter I., Rodríguez-Fonseca B., Hernandez F., Dengler M., Rodrigues R. R., Schmidt J. O., Yu L., Lefevre N., Da Cunha L. Cotrim, McPhaden M. J., Araujo M., Karstensen J., Hahn J., Martín-Rey M., Patricola C. M., Poli P., Zuidema P., Hummels R., Perez Rc, Hatje V., Lübbecke J. F., Polo I., Lumpkin R., Bourlès Bernard, Asuquo F. E., Lehodey P., Conchon A., Chang P., Dandin P., Schmid C., Sutton A., Giordani H., Xue Y., Illig S., Losada T., Grodsky S. A., Gasparin F., Lee T., Mohino E., Nobre P., Wanninkhof R., Keenlyside N., Garcon V., Sánchez-Gómez E., Nnamchi H. C., Drévillon M., Storto A., Remy E., Lazar A., Speich S., Goes M., Dorrington T., Johns W. E., Moum J. N., Robinson C., Perruche Coralie, de Souza R. B., Gaye A. T., López-Parages J., Monerie P.-A., Castellanos P., Benson N. U., Hounkonnou M. N., Duhá J. Trotte, Laxenaire R., Reul Nicolas (2019). The Tropical Atlantic Observing System. Frontiers In Marine Science, 6(206), 36p. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00206 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00494/60612/

Dossa A. N., Da-Allada C. Y., Herbert G, Bourles Bernard (2019). Seasonal cycle of the salinity barrier layer revealed in the northeastern Gulf of Guinea. African Journal Of Marine Science, 41(2), 163-175. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2019.1616612 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00509/62103/

Bourlès Bernard, Araujo Moacyr, McPhaden Michael J., Brandt Peter, Foltz Gregory R., Lumpkin Rick, Giordani Hervé, Hernandez Fabrice, Lefèvre Nathalie, Nobre Paulo, Campos Edmo, Saravanan Ramalingam, Trotte‐duhà Janice, Dengler Marcus, Hahn Johannes, Hummels Rebecca, Lübbecke Joke F., Rouault Mathieu, Cotrim Leticia, Sutton Adrienne, Jochum Markus, Perez Renellys C (2019). PIRATA: A Sustained Observing System for Tropical Atlantic Climate Research and Forecasting. Earth And Space Science, 6(4), 577-616. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EA000428 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00485/59680/

Nubi O. A., Oyatola O.O, Bonou F (2019). Spatial variability in autumnal equatorial upwelling intensity within the Gulf of Guinea as inferred from in situ measurements. Journal of Oceanography and Marine Science, 10(1), 1-10. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5897/JOMS2018.0146 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00621/73318/

Rouault Mathieu, Illig Serena, Lubbecke Joke, Koungue Rodrigue Anicet Imbol (2018). Origin, development and demise of the 2010-2011 Benguela Nino. Journal Of Marine Systems, 188, 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.07.007

Awo F. M., Alory G., Da-Allada Casimir Yelognisse, Delcroix T., Jouanno J., Kestenare E., Baloitcha E. (2018). Sea Surface Salinity Signature of the Tropical Atlantic Interannual Climatic Modes. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 123(10), 7420-7437. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC013837 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00463/57517/

Trolliet Melodie, Walawender Jakub P., Bourles Bernard, Boilley Alexandre, Trentmann Joerg, Blanc Philippe, Lefevre Mireille, Wald Lucien (2018). Downwelling surface solar irradiance in the tropical Atlantic Ocean: a comparison of re-analyses and satellite-derived data sets to PIRATA measurements. Ocean Science, 14(5), 1021-1056. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1021-2018 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00623/73549/

Nogueira Neto A., V, Giordani H., Caniaux G., Araujo M. (2018). Seasonal and Interannual Mixed-Layer Heat Budget Variability in the Western Tropical Atlantic From Argo Floats (2007-2012). Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 123(8), 5298-5322. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JC013436 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00623/73551/

Herbert Gaelle, Bourles Bernard (2018). Impact of intraseasonal wind bursts on sea surface temperature variability in the far eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean during boreal spring 2005 and 2006: focus on the mid-May 2005 event. Ocean Science, 14(4), 849-869. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-849-2018 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00623/73550/

Planton Yann, Voldoire Aurore, Giordani Herve, Caniaux Guy (2018). Main processes of the Atlantic cold tongue interannual variability. Climate Dynamics, 50(5-6), 1495-1512. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3701-2 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00623/73553/

Evangelista H., Sifeddine A., Correge T., Servain J., Dassie E. P., Logato R., Cordeiro R. C., Shen C. -C., Le Cornec F., Nogueira J., Segal B., Castagna A., Turcq B. (2018). Climatic Constraints on Growth Rate and Geochemistry (Sr/Ca and U/Ca) of the Coral Siderastrea stellata in the Southwest Equatorial Atlantic (Rocas Atoll, Brazil). Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 19(3), 772-786. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GC007365 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00623/73552/

Le Quere Corinne, Andrew Robbie M., Friedlingstein Pierre, Sitch Stephen, Pongratz Julia, Manning Andrew C., Korsbakken Jan Ivar, Peters Glen P., Canadell Josep G., Jackson Robert B., Boden Thomas A., Tans Pieter P., Andrews Oliver D., Arora Vivek K., Bakker Dorothee C. E., Barbero Leticia, Becker Meike, Betts Richard A., Bopp Laurent, Chevallier Frederic, Chini Louise P., Ciais Philippe, Cosca Catherine E., Cross Jessica, Currie Kim, Gasser Thomas, Harris Ian, Hauck Judith, Haverd Vanessa, Houghton Richard A., Hunt Christopher W., Hurtt George, Ilyina Tatiana, Jain Atul K., Kato Etsushi, Kautz Markus, Keeling Ralph F., Goldewijk Kees Klein, Koertzinger Arne, Landschuetzer Peter, Lefevre Nathalie, Lenton Andrew, Lienert Sebastian, Lima Ivan, Lombardozzi Danica, Metzl Nicolas, Millero Frank, Monteiro Pedro M. S., Munro David R., Nabel Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka Shin-Ichiro, Nojiri Yukihiro, Padin X. Antonio, Peregon Anna, Pfeil Benjamin, Pierrot Denis, Poulter Benjamin, Rehder Gregor, Reimer Janet, Roedenbeck Christian, Schwinger Jorg, Seferian Roland, Skjelvan Ingunn, Stocker Benjamin D., Tian Hanqin, Tilbrook Bronte, Tubiello Francesco N., Van Der Laan-Luijkx Ingrid T., Van Der Werf Guido R., Van Heuven Steven, Viovy Nicolas, Vuichard Nicolas, Walker Anthony P., Watson Andrew J., Wiltshire Andrew J., Zaehle Soenke, Zhu Dan (2018). Global Carbon Budget 2017. Earth System Science Data, 10(1), 405-448. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00433/54428/

Trolliet Mélodie, Wald Lucien (2018). Monthly solar radiation in the tropical Atlantic Ocean: Can its spatial variations be captured by the current configuration of the PIRATA moorings? Advances in Science and Research, 15, 127-136. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-15-127-2018 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00621/73322/

Jouanno Julien, Hernandez Olga, Sanchez-Gomez Emilia (2017). Equatorial Atlantic interannual variability and its relation to dynamic and thermodynamic processes. Earth System Dynamics, 8(4), 1061-1069. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1061-2017 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00623/73554/

Hernandez O., Jouanno J., Echevin V., Aumont O. (2017). Modification of sea surface temperature by chlorophyll concentration in the Atlantic upwelling systems. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 122(7), 5367-5389. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012330 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00623/73555/

Bruto Leonardo, Araujo Moacyr, Noriega Carlos, Veleda Doris, Lefevre Nathalie (2017). Variability of CO2 fugacity at the western edge of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from the 8 degrees N to 38 degrees W PIRATA buoy. Dynamics Of Atmospheres And Oceans, 78, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2017.01.003

Koungue Rodrigue Anicet Imbol, Illig Serena, Rouault Mathieu (2017). Role of interannual Kelvin wave propagations in the equatorial Atlantic on the Angola Benguela Current system. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 122(6), 4685-4703. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012463 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00623/73556/

Benetti M., Reverdin G., Aloisi G., Sveinbjornsdottir A. (2017). Stable isotopes in surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean: Indicators of ocean-atmosphere water fluxes and oceanic mixing processes. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 122(6), 4723-4742. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012712 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00384/49560/

Djakoure S., Penven Pierrick, Bourles Bernard, Kone V., Veitch J. (2017). Respective Roles of the Guinea Current and Local Winds on the Coastal Upwelling in the Northern Gulf of Guinea. Journal Of Physical Oceanography, 47(6), 1367-1387. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-16-0126.1 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00391/50248/

Da-Allada Casimir Yelognisse, Jouanno J., Gaillard Fabienne , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas, Maes C., Reul Nicolas , Bourles B. (2017). Importance of the Equatorial Undercurrent on the Sea Surface Salinity in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic in boreal spring. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 122(1), 521-538. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012342 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00363/47396/

Benetti Marion, Steen-Larsen Hans Christian, Reverdin Gilles, Sveinbjornsdottir Arny Erla, Aloisi Giovanni, Berkelhammer Max B., Bourles Bernard, Bourras Denis, de Coetlogon Gaelle, Cosgrove Ann, Faber Anne-Katrine, Grelet Jacques, Hansen Steffen Bo, Johnson Rod, Legoff Herve, Martin Nicolas, Peters Andrew J., Popp Trevor James, Reynaud Thierry , Winther Malte (2017). Data Descriptor: Stable isotopes in the atmospheric marine boundary layer water vapour over the Atlantic Ocean, 2012-2015. Scientific Data, 4(160128), 1-17. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.128 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00371/48195/

von Schuckmann Karina, Le Traon Pierre-Yves , Alvarez-Fanjul Enrique, Axell Lars, Balmaseda Magdalena, Breivik Lars-Anders, Brewin Robert J. W., Bricaud Clement, Drevillon Marie, Drillet Yann, Dubois Clotilde, Embury Owen, Etienne Helene, Garcia Sotillo Marcos, Garric Gilles, Gasparin Florent, Gutknecht Elodie, Guinehut Stephanie, Hernandez Fabrice, Juza Melanie, Karlson Bengt, Korres Gerasimos, Legeais Jean Francois, Levier Bruno, Lien Vidar S., Morrow Rosemary, Notarstefano Giulio, Parent Laurent, Pascual Alvaro, Perez-Gomez Begona, Perruche Coralie, Pinardi Nadia, Pisano Andrea, Poulain Pierre-Marie, Pujol Isabelle M., Raj Roshin P., Raudsepp Urmas, Roquet Herve, Samuelsen Annette, Sathyendranath Shubha, She Jun, Simoncelli Simona, Solidoro Cosimo, Tinker Jonathan, Tintore Joaquin, Viktorsson Lena, Ablain Michael, Almroth-Rosell Elin, Bonaduce Antonio, Clementi Emanuela, Cossarini Gianpiero, Dagneaux Quentin, Desportes Charles, Dye Stephen, Fratianni Claudia, Good Simon, Greiner Eric, Gourrion Jerome, Hamon Mathieu, Holt Jason, Hyder Pat, Kennedy John, Manzano-Munoz Fernando, Melet Angelique, Meyssignac Benoit, Mulet Sandrine, Nardelli Bruno Buongiorno, O'Dea Enda, Olason Einar, Paulmier Aurelien, Perez-Gonzalez Irene, Reid Rebecca, Racault Marie-Fanny, Raitsos Dionysios E., Ramos Antonio, Sykes Peter, Szekely Tanguy, Verbrugge Nathalie (2016). The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report. Journal Of Operational Oceanography, 9(Sup.2), s235-s320. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2016.1273446 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49471/

Herbert G., Bourles B., Penven P., Grelet J. (2016). New insights on the upper layer circulation north of the Gulf of Guinea. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 121(9), 6793-6815. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011959

Meynadier Remi, de Coetlogon Gaelle, Leduc-Leballeur Marion, Eymard Laurence, Janicot Serge (2016). Seasonal influence of the sea surface temperature on the low atmospheric circulation and precipitation in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. Climate Dynamics, 47(3-4), 1127-1142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2892-7

Boutin J., Chao Y., Asher W. E., Delcroix T., Drucker R., Drushka K., Kolodziejczyk Nicolas, Lee T., Reul Nicolas , Reverdin G., Schanze J., Soloviev A., Yu L., Anderson J., Brucker L., Dinnat E., Santos-Garcia A., Jones W. L., Maes C., Meissner T., Tang W., Vinogradova N., Ward B. (2016). Satellite and In Situ Salinity: Understanding Near-surface Stratification and Sub-footprint Variability. Bulletin Of The American Meteorological Society, 97(8), 1391-1407. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00032.1 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00300/41095/

Nubi O A, Bourles Bernard, Edokpayi C A, Hounkonnou M N (2016). On the Nutrient distribution and phytoplankton biomass in the Gulf of Guinea equatorial band as inferred from In-situ measurements. Journal of Oceanography and Marine Science, 7(1), 1-11. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5897/JOMS2016.0124 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00621/73324/

Bonou Frederic Kpedonou, Noriega Carlos, Lefevre Nathalie, Araujo Moacyr (2016). Distribution of CO2 parameters in the Western Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Dynamics Of Atmospheres And Oceans, 73, 47-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2015.12.001

Gaillard Fabienne , Reynaud Thierry , Thierry Virginie , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas, von Schuckmann Karina (2016). In-situ based reanalysis of the global ocean temperature and salinity with ISAS: variability of the heat content and steric height. Journal Of Climate, 29(4), 1305-1323. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0028.1 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00309/42030/

Hounsou-Gbo Gbèkpo Aubains, Servain Jacques, Araujo Moacyr, Martins Eduardo Sávio, Bourlès Bernard, Caniaux Guy (2016). Oceanic Indices for Forecasting Seasonal Rainfall over the Northern Part of Brazilian Northeast. American Journal of Climate Change, 05(02), 261-274. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2016.52022 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00621/73326/

Lefevre Nathalie, Veleda Doris, Araujo Moacyr, Caniaux Guy (2016). Variability and trends of carbon parameters at a time series in the eastern tropical Atlantic. Tellus Series B-chemical And Physical Meteorology, 68(1), 1-16. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v68.30305 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00623/73560/

Tchilibou M., Delcroix T., Alory G., Arnault S., Reverdin G. (2015). Variations of the tropical Atlantic and Pacific SSS minimum zones and their relations to the ITCZ and SPCZ rain bands (1979-2009). Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 120(7), 5090-5100. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC010836 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00624/73562/

Meynadier Remi, de Coetlogon G., Bastin S., Eymard L., Janicot S. (2015). Sensitivity testing of WRF parameterizations on air-sea interaction and its impact on water cycle in the Gulf of Guinea. Quarterly Journal Of The Royal Meteorological Society, 141(690 Part.A), 1804-1820. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2483

Camara I., Kolodziejczyk Nicolas, Mignot Juliette, Lazar Alban, Gaye Amadou T. (2015). On the seasonal variations of salinity of the tropical Atlantic mixed layer. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 120(6), 4441-4462. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC010865 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00624/73563/

Rodriguez-Fonseca Belen, Mohino Elsa, Mechoso Carlos R., Caminade Cyril, Biasutti Michela, Gaetani Marco, Garcia-Serrano J., Vizy Edward K., Cook Kerry, Xue Yongkang, Polo Irene, Losada Teresa, Druyan Leonard, Fontaine Bernard, Bader Juergen, Doblas-Reyes Francisco J., Goddard Lisa, Janicot Serge, Arribas Alberto, Lau William, Colman Andrew, Vellinga M., Rowell David P., Kucharski Fred, Voldoire Aurore (2015). Variability and Predictability of West African Droughts: A Review on the Role of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies. Journal Of Climate, 28(10), 4034-4060. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00130.1 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00624/73564/

Boilley Alexandre, Wald Lucien (2015). Comparison between meteorological re-analyses from ERA-Interim and MERRA and measurements of daily solar irradiation at surface. Renewable Energy, 75, 135-143. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.09.042 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00624/73565/

Kolodziejczyk Nicolas, Reverdin Gilles, Lazar Alban (2015). Interannual Variability of the Mixed Layer Winter Convection and Spice Injection in the Eastern Subtropical North Atlantic. Journal Of Physical Oceanography, 45(2), 504-525. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-14-0042.1 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00624/73566/

Gaillard Fabienne , Diverres Denis, Jacquin Stephane, Gouriou Yves, Grelet Jacques, Le Menn Marc, Tassel Joelle, Reverdin Gilles (2015). Sea surface temperature and salinity from French research vessels, 2001–2013. Scientific Data, 2(150054), 1-9. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.54 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00283/39473/

Hounsou-Gbo G. A., Araujo M., Bourlès B., Veleda D., Servain J. (2015). Tropical Atlantic Contributions to Strong Rainfall Variability Along the Northeast Brazilian Coast. Advances in Meteorology, 2015, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/902084

Servain Jacques, Caniaux Guy, Kouadio Yves K., McPhaden Michael J., Araujo Moacyr (2014). Recent climatic trends in the tropical Atlantic. Climate Dynamics, 43(11), 3071-3089. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2168-7

Voldoire A., Claudon M., Caniaux G., Giordani H., Roehrig R. (2014). Are atmospheric biases responsible for the tropical Atlantic SST biases in the CNRM-CM5 coupled model? Climate Dynamics, 43(11), 2963-2984. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-2036-x

Parard Gaelle, Boutin J., Cuypers Y., Bouruet-Aubertot P., Caniaux G. (2014). On the physical and biogeochemical processes driving the high frequency variability of CO2 fugacity at 6 degrees S, 10 degrees W: Potential role of the internal waves. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 119(12), 8357-8374. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC009965 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00624/73568/

Lefevre Nathalie, Urbano Domingos F., Gallois Francis, Diverres Denis (2014). Impact of physical processes on the seasonal distribution of the fugacity of CO2 in the western tropical Atlantic. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 119(2), 646-663. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009248 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00624/73571/

Da-Allada Casimir Yelognisse, Alory G., Du Penhoat Y., Jouanno J., Hounkonnou M. N., Kestenare E. (2014). Causes for the recent increase in sea surface salinity in the north-eastern Gulf of Guinea. African Journal Of Marine Science, 36(2), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2014.927398

Da-Allada Casimir Yelognisse, Du Penhoat Yves, Jouanno Julien, Alory Gael, Hounkonnou Norbert Mahouton (2014). Modeled mixed-layer salinity balance in the Gulf of Guinea: seasonal and interannual variability. Ocean Dynamics, 64(12), 1783-1802. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-014-0775-9 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00242/35333/

Johns W. E., Brandt P., Bourles B., Tantet A., Papapostolou A., Houk A. (2014). Zonal structure and seasonal variability of the Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent. Climate Dynamics, 43(11), 3047-3069. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2136-2

Kolodziejczyk Nicolas, Marin Frederic, Bourles Bernard, Gouriou Yves, Berger Henrick (2014). Seasonal variability of the equatorial undercurrent termination and associated salinity maximum in the Gulf of Guinea. Climate Dynamics, 43(11), 3025-3046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2107-7

Perez Renellys C, Hormann Verena, Lumpkin Rick, Brandt Peter, Johns William E., Hernandez Fabrice, Schmid Claudia, Bourles Bernard (2014). Mean meridional currents in the central and eastern equatorial Atlantic. Climate Dynamics, 43(11), 2943-2962. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1968-5

Giordani Hervé, Caniaux Guy, Voldoire Aurore (2013). Intraseasonal mixed-layer heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic during the cold tongue development in 2006. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 118(2), 650-671. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008280

Roehrig Romain, Bouniol Dominique, Guichard Francoise, Hourdin Frederic, Redelsperger Jean-Luc (2013). The Present and Future of the West African Monsoon: A Process-Oriented Assessment of CMIP5 Simulations along the AMMA Transect. Journal Of Climate, 26(17), 6471-6505. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00505.1

Prigent C., Aires F., Bernardo F., Orlhac J. C., Goutoule J. M., Roquet H., Donlon C. (2013). Analysis of the potential and limitations of microwave radiometry for the retrieval of sea surface temperature: Definition of MICROWAT, a new mission concept. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 118(6), 3074-3086. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20222

Praveen Kumar B., Vialard Jerome, Lengaigne M., Murty V. S. N., McPhaden M. J., Cronin Meghan, Pinsard F., Reddy K. Gopala (2013). TropFlux wind stresses over the tropical oceans: evaluation and comparison with other products. Climate Dynamics, 40(7-8), 2049-2071. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1455-4

Hummels Rebecca, Dengler Marcus, Bourles Bernard (2013). Seasonal and regional variability of upper ocean diapycnal heat flux in the Atlantic cold tongue. Progress In Oceanography, 111, 52-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2012.11.001

Jouanno Julien, Marin Frederic, Du Penhoat Yves, Molines Jean-Marc (2013). Intraseasonal Modulation of the Surface Cooling in the Gulf of Guinea. Journal Of Physical Oceanography, 43(2), 382-401. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-12-053.1

Da-Allada C. Y., Alory G., Du Penhoat Y., Kestenare E., Durand F., Hounkonnou N. M. (2013). Seasonal mixed-layer salinity balance in the tropical Atlantic Ocean: mean state and seasonal cycle. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 118(1), 332-345. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008357

Cabanes Cecile, Grouazel Antoine , von Schuckmann Karina, Hamon Michel, Turpin Victor, Coatanoan Christine , Paris Francois, Guinehut Stephanie, Boone C., Ferry N., de Boyer Montegut Clement , Carval Thierry , Reverdin Gilles, Pouliquen Sylvie, Le Traon Pierre-Yves (2013). The CORA dataset: validation and diagnostics of in-situ ocean temperature and salinity measurements. Ocean Science, 9(1), 1-18. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-1-2013 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00117/22799/

Lellouche J. -M., Le Galloudec O., Drevillon M., Regnier C., Greiner E., Garric G., Ferry N., Desportes C., Testut C. -E., Bricaud C., Bourdalle-Badie R., Tranchant B., Benkiran M., Drillet Y., Daudin A., de Nicola C. (2013). Evaluation of global monitoring and forecasting systems at Mercator Ocean. Ocean Science, 9(1), 57-81. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-57-2013 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00141/25229/

Lefevre Nathalie, Caniaux Guy, Janicot Serge, Gueye Abdou Karim (2013). Increased CO2 outgassing in February-May 2010 in the tropical Atlantic following the 2009 Pacific El Nino. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 118(4), 1645-1657. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20107

Terray Laurent, Corre Lola, Cravatte Sophie, Delcroix Thierry, Reverdin Gilles, Ribes Aurelien (2012). Near-Surface Salinity as Nature's Rain Gauge to Detect Human Influence on the Tropical Water Cycle. Journal Of Climate, 25(3), 958-977. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-10-05025.1

Scott Robert, Ferry Nicolas, Drevillon Marie, Barron Charlie N., Jourdain Nicolas C., Lellouche Jean-Michel, Metzger Edward Joseph, Rio Marie-Helene, Smedstad Ole Martin (2012). Estimates of surface drifter trajectories in the equatorial Atlantic: a multi-model ensemble approach. Ocean Dynamics, 62(7), 1091-1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-012-0548-2

Lefevre Nathalie, Merlivat Liliane (2012). Carbon and oxygen net community production in the eastern tropical Atlantic estimated from a moored buoy. Global biogeochemical cycles, 26(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB004018

Giordani Herve, Caniaux Guy (2011). Diagnosing vertical motion in the Equatorial Atlantic. Ocean Dynamics, 61(12), 1995-2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-011-0467-7

Leduc-Leballeur Marion, Eymard L., de Coetlogon Gaelle (2011). Observation of the marine atmospheric boundary layer in the Gulf of Guinea during the 2006 boreal spring. Quarterly Journal Of The Royal Meteorological Society, 137(657), 992-1003. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.808

Wade Malick, Caniaux Guy, Dupenhoat Yves, Dengler Marcus, Giordani Herve, Hummels Rebecca (2011). A one-dimensional modeling study of the diurnal cycle in the equatorial Atlantic at the PIRATA buoys during the EGEE-3 campaign. Ocean Dynamics, 61(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-010-0337-8

Jouanno Julien, Marin Frederic, Du Penhoat Yves, Sheinbaum Julio, Molines Jean-Marc (2011). Seasonal heat balance in the upper 100 m of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 116(C09003 1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006912

Wade Malick, Caniaux Guy, Du Penhoat Yves (2011). Variability of the mixed layer heat budget in the eastern equatorial Atlantic during 2005-2007 as inferred using Argo floats. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 116(C08006 1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006683

Jouanno Julien, Marin Frederic, Du Penhoat Yves, Molines Jean Marc, Sheinbaum Julio (2011). Seasonal Modes of Surface Cooling in the Gulf of Guinea. Journal Of Physical Oceanography, 41(7), 1408-1416. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-11-031.1

Brandt Peter, Caniaux Guy, Bourles Bernard, Lazar Alban, Dengler Marcus, Funk Andreas, Hormann Verena, Giordani Herve, Marin Frederic (2011). Equatorial upper-ocean dynamics and their interaction with the West African monsoon. Atmospheric Science Letters, 12(1), 24-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.287

Lebel T., Parker D. J., Flamant C., Bourles Bernard, Marticorena B., Mougin E., Peugeot C., Diedhiou A., Haywood J. M., Ngamini J. B., Polcher J., Redelsperger J.-L, Thorncroft C. D. (2010). The AMMA field campaigns: Multiscale and multidisciplinary observations in the West African region. Quarterly Journal Of The Royal Meteorological Society, 136(s1), 8-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.486

Rhein Monika, Dengler Marcus, Sueltenfuss Juergen, Hummels Rebecca, Huettl-Kabus Sabine, Bourles Bernard (2010). Upwelling and associated heat flux in the equatorial Atlantic inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 115(C08021), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005772

Koffi Urbain, Lefevre Nathalie, Kouadio Georges, Boutin Jacqueline (2010). Surface CO2 parameters and air-sea CO2 flux distribution in the eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Journal Of Marine Systems, 82(3), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.04.010

Parard Gaelle, Lefevre Nathalie, Boutin Jacqueline (2010). Sea water fugacity of CO2 at the PIRATA mooring at 6 degrees S, 10 degrees W. Tellus Series B-chemical And Physical Meteorology, 62(5), 636-648. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00503.x

Bourras D., Weill A., Caniaux G., Eymard L., Bourles B., Letourneur S., Legain D., Key E., Baudin F., Piguet B., Traulle O., Bouhours G., Sinardet B., Barrie J., Vinson J. P., Boutet F., Berthod C., Clemencon Aurelien (2009). Turbulent air-sea fluxes in the Gulf of Guinea during the AMMA experiment. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 114(C04014), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC004951

Kolodziejczyk N., Bourles Bernard, Marin Frederic, Grelet Jacques, Chuchla R. (2009). Seasonal variability of the Equatorial Undercurrent at 10 degrees W as inferred from recent in situ observations. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 114(C06014), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC004976

Rouault Mathieu, Servain J., Reason C. J. C., Bourles B., Rouault M. J., Fauchereau N. (2009). Extension of PIRATA in the tropical South-East Atlantic: an initial one-year experiment. African Journal Of Marine Science, 31(1), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.2989/AJMS.2009.31.1.5.776

Lefevre Nathalie (2009). Low CO2 concentrations in the Gulf of Guinea during the upwelling season in 2006. Marine Chemistry, 113(1-2), 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.001

Athie Gabriela, Marin Frederic, Treguier Anne-Marie, Bourles Bernard, Guiavarc'h Catherine (2009). Sensitivity of near-surface Tropical Instability Waves to submonthly wind forcing in the tropical Atlantic. Ocean Modelling, 30(4), 241-255. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.06.016 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/11117/

Reverdin Gilles, Marin Frederic, Bourles Bernard, Lherminier Pascale (2009). XBT Temperature Errors during French Research Cruises (1999-2007). Journal Of Atmospheric And Oceanic Technology, 26(11), 2462-2473. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHO655.1 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00133/24380/

Lefevre Nathalie, Guillot Antoine, Beaumont Laurence, Danguy Theo (2008). Variability of fCO(2) in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic from a moored buoy. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 113(C1/C01015), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004146

Bunge L, Provost C, Hua Bach-Lien, Kartavtseff A (2008). Variability at intermediate depths at the equator in the Atlantic ocean in 2000-06: Annual cycle, equatorial deep jets, and intraseasonal meridional velocity fluctuations. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 38(8), 1794-1806. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JPO3781.1

Bourles Bernard, Lumpkin Rick, McPhaden Michael J., Hernandez Fabrice, Nobre Paulo, Campos Edmo, Yu Lisan, Planton Serge, Busalacchi Antonio, Moura Antonio D., Servain Jacques, Trotte Janice (2008). The PIRATA program: History, accomplishments, and future directions. Bulletin Of The American Meteorological Society, 89(8), 1111-1125. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008BAMS2462.1

Brandt Peter, Hormann Verena, Bourles Bernard, Fischer Juergen, Schott Friedrich A., Stramma Lothar, Dengler Marcus (2008). Oxygen tongues and zonal currents in the equatorial Atlantic. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 113(C04012), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004435

Etienne Hélène, Benkiran Mounir (2007). Multivariate assimilation in MERCATOR project: New statistical parameters from forecast error estimation. Journal Of Marine Systems, 65(1-4), 430-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.11.020

Ferry Nicolas, Remy Elisabeth, Brasseur Pierre, Maes Christophe (2007). The Mercator global ocean operational analysis system: Assessment and validation of an 11-year reanalysis. Journal Of Marine Systems, 65(1-4), 540-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.08.004

Bunge Lucia, Provost Christine, Kartavtseff Annie (2007). Variability in horizontal current velocities in the central and eastern equatorial Atlantic in 2002. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 112(C2/C02104), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003704

Baklouti M., Devenon J. L., Bourret A., Froidefond J. M., Ternon J. F., Fuda J. L. (2007). New insights in the French Guiana continental shelf circulation and its relation to the North Brazil Current retroflection. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 112(C02023), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003520

Arhan Michel, Treguier Anne-Marie, Bourles B, Michel Sylvain (2006). Diagnosing the annual cycle of the equatorial undercurrent in the Atlantic Ocean from a general circulation model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 36(8), 1502-1522. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2929.1

Bunge L, Provost C, Lilly J, D'Orgeville Marc, Kartavtseff A, Melice J (2006). Variability of the horizontal velocity structure in the upper 1600 m of the water column on the equator at 10 degrees W. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 36(7), 1287-1304. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2908.1

Peter Anne-Charlotte, Le Henaff Matthieu, Du Penhoat Yves, Menkes Christophe E., Marin Frederic, Vialard Jerome, Caniaux Guy, Lazar Alban (2006). A model study of the seasonal mixed layer heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 111(C06014), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003157

Provost C, Chouaib N, Spadone A, Bunge L, Arnault S, Sultan E (2006). Interannual variability of the zonal sea surface slope in the equatorial Atlantic during the 1990s. Natural Hazards And Oceanographic Processes From Satellite Data, 37(4), 823-831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.06.018

Ayina Ludos-Herve, Bentamy Abderrahim, Mestas Nunez A, Madec G (2006). The impact of satellite winds and latent heat fluxes in a numerical simulation of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Journal of Climate, 19(22), 5889-5902. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3939.1

Mestas-Nunez Alberto M., Bentamy Abderrahim, Katsaros Kristina (2006). Seasonal and El Nino variability in weekly satellite evaporation over the global ocean during 1996-98. Journal Of Climate, 19(10), 2025-2035. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3721.1 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00004/11544/

Brandt Peter, Schott Friedrich A., Provost Christine, Kartavtseff Annie, Hormann Verena, Bourles Bernard, Fischer Jurgen (2006). Circulation in the central equatorial Atlantic: Mean and intraseasonal to seasonal variability. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(L07609), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025498

Durand Bruno, Servain Jacques, Laurent Henri, Machado Luiz A. T. (2005). Tropical Atlantic moisture flux, convection over northeastern Brazil, and pertinence of the PIRATA network. Journal Of Climate, 18(12), 2093-2101. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3400.1

Brut A, Butet A, Durand P, Caniaux G, Planton S (2005). Air-sea exchanges in the equatorial area from the EQUALANT99 dataset: Bulk parametrizations of turbulent fluxes corrected for airflow distortion. Quarterly Journal Of The Royal Meteorological Society, 131(610), 2497-2538. https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.03.185

Delcroix Thierry, McPhaden Michael J., Dessier Alain, Gouriou Yves (2005). Time and space scales for sea surface salinity in the tropical oceans. Deep-sea Research Part I-oceanographic Research Papers, 52(5), 787-813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.11.012

Grodsky Semyon A., Carton James A., Provost Christine, Servain Jacques, Lorenzzetti Joao A., McPhaden Michael J. (2005). Tropical instability waves at 0 degrees N, 23 degrees W in the Atlantic: A case study using Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) mooring data. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 110(C8/C08010), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC002941

D'Orgeville Marc, Hua Bach-Lien, Schopp Richard, Bunge L (2004). Extended deep equatorial layering as a possible imprint of inertial instability. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(L22303), 1-5. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020845 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/10892/

Curry Ja, Bentamy Abderrahim, Bourassa Ma, Bourras D, Bradley Ef, Brunke M, Castro S, Chou Sh, Clayson Ca, Emery Wj, Eymard L, Fairall Cw, Kubota M, Lin B, Perrie W, Reeder Ra, Renfrew Ia, Rossow Wb, Schulz J, Smith Sr, Webster Pj, Wick Ga, Zeng X (2004). Seaflux. Bulletin Of The American Meteorological Society, 85(3), 409-+. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-85-3-409

de Boyer Montegut Clement , Madec Gurvan, Fischer Albert S., Lazar Alban, Iudicone Daniele (2004). Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 109(C12/C12003), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002378

Florenchie P., Reason C. J. C., Lutjeharms J. R. E., Rouault M., Roy C., Masson S. (2004). Evolution of interannual warm and cold events in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean. Journal Of Climate, 17(12), 2318-2334. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2318:EOIWAC>2.0.CO;2

Vauclair F, Du Penhoat Yves, Reverdin G (2004). Heat and mass budgets of the warm upper layer of the tropical Atlantic Ocean in 1979-99. Journal Of Physical Oceanography, 34(4), 903-919. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<0903:HAMBOT>2.0.CO;2

Garzoli Silvia L., Servain Jacques (2003). CLIVAR workshop on tropical Atlantic variability. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(5), 1.1-1.3. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016823

Patoux Jerome, Foster Ralph C., Brown Robert A. (2003). Global pressure fields from scatterometer winds. Journal Of Applied Meteorology, 42(6), 813-826. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<0813:GPFFSW>2.0.CO;2

Schott Fa, Dengler M, Brandt P, Affler K, Fischer J, Bourles Bernard, Gouriou Yves, Molinari Rl, Rhein M (2003). The zonal currents and transports at 35 degrees W in the tropical Atlantic. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(7), 1.1-1.4. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016849

Wainer Ilana, Clauzet Gabriel, Servain Jacques, Soares Jacyra (2003). Time scales of upper ocean temperature variability inferred from the PIRATA data (1997-2000). Geophysical Research Letters, 30(5), 4.1-4.4. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015147

Servain Jacques, Clauzet Gabriel, Wainer Ilana C (2003). Modes of tropical Atlantic climate variability observed by PIRATA. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(CLI5), 3.1-3.4. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015124

Weill A, Eymard L, Caniaux G, Hauser D, Planton S, Dupuis H, Brut A, Guerin C, Nacass P, Butet A, Cloche S, Pedreros R, Durand P, Bourras D, Giordani H, Lachaud G, Bouhours G (2003). Toward a better determination of turbulent air-sea fluxes from several experiments. Journal Of Climate, 16(4), 600-618. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0600:TABDOT>2.0.CO;2

Molinari Robert, Bauer S, Snowden D, Johnson Gc, Bourles Bernard, Gouriou Yves, Mercier Herle (2003). A comparison of kinematic evidence for tropical cells in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Elsevier Oceanography Series, 68, 269-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0422-9894(03)80150-2

Bentamy Abderrahim, Katsaros Kb, Mestas-Nunez Am, Drennan Wm, Forde Eb, Roquet H (2003). Satellite estimates of wind speed and latent heat flux over the global oceans. Journal Of Climate, 16(4), 637-656. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0637:SEOWSA>2.0.CO;2

Bentamy Abderrahim, Quilfen Yves , Flament Pierre (2002). Scatterometer wind fields: A new release over the decade 1991-2001. Canadian Journal Of Remote Sensing, 28(3), 431-449. https://doi.org/10.5589/m02-041

Bourles B, D'Orgeville Marc, Eldin G, Gouriou Y, Chuchla R, Dupenhoat Y, Arnault S (2002). On the evolution of the thermocline and subthermocline eastward currents in the Equatorial Atlantic. Geophysical Research Letters, 29(16), 1-4. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015098 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/10036/

Troccoli Alberto, Balmaseda Magdalena A., Segschneider Joachim, Vialard Jerome, Anderson David L. T., Haines Keith, Stockdale Tim, Vitart Frédéric, Fox Alan D. (2002). Salinity adjustments in the presence of temperature data assimilation. Monthly Weather Review, 130(1), 89-102. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0089:SAITPO>2.0.CO;2 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00251/36272/

Vauclair F, Du Penhoat Y (2001). Interannual variability of the upper layer of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from in situ data between 1979 and 1999. Climate Dynamics, 17(7), 527-546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820000125

Servain Jacques, Wainer Ilana, Ayina Ludos-Herve, Roquet Herve (2000). The relationship between the simulated climatic variability modes of the tropical Atlantic. International Journal Of Climatology, 20(9), 939-953. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0088(200007)20:9<939::AID-JOC511>3.0.CO;2-V

Pailler K, Bourles Bernard, Gouriou Yves (1999). The barrier layer in the western Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(14), 2069-2072. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900492

Servain Jacques, Busalacchi Antonio J., McPhaden Michael J., Moura Antonio D., Reverdin Gilles, Vianna Marcio, Zebiak Stephan E. (1998). A Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). Bulletin Of The American Meteorological Society, 79(10), 2019-2031. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2019:APRMAI>2.0.CO;2

References of Articles published in other Periodicals or Scientific Works acclaimed in the Field

Fonteneau Alain, Alayon Pedro Pascual, Deniz Santiago, Gaertner Daniel (2022). On the major concentration of large bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna exploited in the Atlantic Ocean by purse seiners in February and March 2019: analysis of the fishery data. ICCAT Recueil de Documents Scientifiques / Collective Volume of Scientific Paper, 79(1), 797-814. Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00814/92602/

Carrano C., Maguire J.-J., Kerr L., Walter J., Lauretta M., Rouyer Tristan, Cadrin S.X. (2022). 2022 ASAP stock assessment of the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean bluefin tuna. ICCAT Recueil de Documents Scientifiques / Collective Volume of Scientific Paper, 79(3), 551-586. Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00814/92603/

Kouame Kanga Désiré, Kouassi Aka Marcel, Trokourey Albert, Toualy Elisée, N’guessan Benjamin K., Brehmer Patrice, Ostrowski Marek (2021). Spatial and Seasonal Variability of Mixed Layer Depth in the Tropical Atlantic at 10 °W using 40 Years of Observation Data. European Journal of Scientific Research / Revue Européenne de la recherche Scientifique, 158(3), 207-217. Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00684/79619/

Bourlès, B., J. Llido, F. Hernandez, H. Giordani et P. Dandin (2021), Lancement de la 31ème mission océanographique de l'observatoire PIRATA, Météo et Climat Info, n°83, mars 2021

Bourlès, B., (2020) PIRATA FR30 cruise - description of works (in French), TriATLAS Newsletter, November 2020

Barbier Michèle, Claustre Hervé, Obolensky Grigor, Pouliquen Sylvie (2019). Monitoring the Atlantic Ocean, an international and innovative effort. Atlantos Newsletter, 1(5), 5-6. Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00587/69871/

Harscoat Valérie, Waldmann Christoph, Pouliquen Sylvie (2019). An in-situ observation data harmonization and integration that benefit to the wider Atlantic Ocean community. Atlantos Newsletter, 1(5), 8. Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00587/69872/

Bourlès B., Merle J., Voituriez B. (2019) L'exploration des océans tropicaux : le programme PIRATA ; in Sabrié, M.L., et al., Science et développement durable : 75 ans de recherche au Sud. Marseille : IRD, 224 pp, ISBN 978-2-7099-2737-6, juin 2019.

Araujo, M., B. Bourlès, R. Perez, Tropical Atlantic Observing System Networks: Current Status and plans to 2030 Mooring Networks, Report for the 1st TAOS Review Workshop, Portland-US, Feb. 8th-9 th 2018, CLIVAR Report No. 03/2018, septembre 2018.

Bourlès, B.., M. Araujo, A vision for PIRATA in 2030. Contribution to the ?BluePrint Implementation Document, for an Integrated Atlantic Ocean Observing System?, avril 2018

Araujo, M., B. Bourlès, R. Perez, Requirements for the Tropical Atlantic Observing System: Societal impact and importance of observing the Tropical Atlantic, Report for the 1st TAOS Review Workshop, Portland-US, Feb. 8th-9 th 2018, CLIVAR Report No. 03/2018, septembre 2018.

Araujo, M., Tchamabi, C.C., M. Silva, B. Bourlès, J. Araujo and C. Noriega : Propriedades físicas e biogeoquímicas da região oceânica circundante ao Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo. In ?Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, 20 anos de pesquisa?, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Recife: Via Design Publicações, pp 248-262, ISBN 978-85-93906-01-5, 2018

Bourlès, B., ?An example of vessel time optimization and collaborations during the PIRATA cruises?, AtlantOS Newsletter 2018, Vol. 1, Issue 3, 11-12, mai 2018.

Poli, P., 2018: Note on the impact of meteorological data from PIRATA moorings on global weather forecasts, http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1164620.

Poli, P., G. Reverdin, B. Bourlès, T. Carval, and A. David, Enhancements to surface drifters enabled by AtlantOS, European Geosciences Union General Assembly: Vienne, Autriche, 23-27 Avril, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.885027, 2017. AbstractsVol. 19, EGU2017-16788, 2017.

Boeing, G., with contribution by B. Bourlès, AtlantOS will improve research on the South Atlantic Ocean, 3ème newsletter de B.BICE+, janvier 2015 (http://www.b-bice-plus.eu/atlantos-will-improve-research-on-the-south-atlantic-ocean/).

Bourlès B., M. Araujo, A. Schwartzentruber. PIRATA 19: successfull meeting of the French-Brazilian-American project on Tropical Atlantic, 3ème newsletter de B.BICE+, janvier 2015 (http://www.b-bice-plus.eu/pirata-19-successful-meeting-of-the-french-brazilian-american-project-on-tropical-atlantic/ ).

Herbert Gaelle, Kermabon Catherine, Grelet Jacques, Bourles Bernard (2015). French PIRATA cruises S-ADCP data processing. Mercator Ocean - Quaterly Newsletter, (52), 22-26. Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00272/38320/

Le Traon, P.Y., S. Pouliquen, G. Reverdin and the Coriolis 2014- 2020 Steering Committee, Coriolis 2014-2020: an integrated in-situ ocean observation infrastructure for operational oceanography and ocean/climate research, CLIVAR Exchanges Letters, 67 (Vol. 19, n°2), 51-52, September 2015.

Nubi Oa, Bourles Bernard, Edokpayi Ca, Hounkonnou Norbert Mahouton (2014). Inter-annual variability on the influence of equatorial upwelling on biological productivity along 10oW in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic (EEA). Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES), 4(1), 72-80.

Brandt, P., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, P. Chang, M. Dengler, W.E. Johns, A. Lazar, C.F. Lumpkin, M.J. McPhaden, P. Nobre, L. Terray, Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment (TACE), CLIVAR Exchanges, 18 (61; 1), p. 26-31. ISSN 1026-0471, 2013.

Caniaux, G., H. Giordani, J.L. Redelsperger, M. Wade, B. Bourlès, D. Bourras, G. de Coëtlogon, Y. du Penhoat, S. Janicot, E. Key, N. Kolodziejczyk, L. Eymard, J. Jouanno, A. Lazar, M. Leduc-Leballeur, N. Lefèvre, F. Marin, H. Nguyen, et G. Parard : Les avancées d?AMMA sur les interactions océan-atmosphère. La Météorologie, numéro spécial AMMA, 17-24, octobre 2012.

Drévillon, M., E. Greiner, D. Paradis, C. Payan, J-M. Lellouche, G. Reffray, E. Durand, S. Law-Chune, S. Cailleau, Meteo-France and Mercator Ocean contribution to the search of the AF447 wreckage. Mercator Quarterly Newsletter#44, jan 2012, pp3-10, 2012.

Law Chune, S., Y. Drillet, P. De Mey and P. Daniel, Drift forecast with Mercator Ocean velocity fields and addition of external wind/wave contri-bution. Mercator Quarterly Newsletter#44, jan 2012, pp22-27, 2012.

Ferry, N., L. Parent, G. Garric, C. Bricaud, C-E. Testut, O. Le Galloudec, J-M. Lellouche, M. Drévillon, E. Greiner, B. Barnier, J-M. Molines, N. Jourdain, S. Guinehut, C. Cabanes, L. Zawadzki., GLORYS2V1 global ocean reanalysis of the altimetric era (1993-2009) at meso scale. Mercator Quarterly Newsletter#44, jan 2012, pp28-39,

Drévillon, M., C. Régnier, C. Desportes, E. Greiner, S. Guinehut : QuO Va Dis? The Mercator Ocean quarterly validation bulletin: recent developments and prospect. Mercator Ocean Quarterly Newsletter, #41 ? April 2011 ? 49-52, 2011.

Ali, K.E., K.Y. Kouadio, G.P. Zahiri, A. Aman, A.P. Assamoi, and B. Bourlès, Influence of the Gulf of Guinea coastal and equatorial upwellings on the precipitations along its northern coasts during the boreal summer period, Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 21836-AJAPS-KR, 2010.

Remy, E., Large scale ocean variability estimated from a 3D-Var Reanalysis: sensitivity experiments, Mercator Ocean Quarterly Newsletter#36 - January 2010, pp 8-14, 2010

Dombrowsky, E., Overview global operational oceanography systems, Book chapter 16 for Operational Oceanography in the 21st Century based on the International GODAE Summer School 11-22 January 2010 University of Western Australia Perth, 2011.

Hernandez, F., Performance of Ocean forecasting systems - intercomparison project. Book chapter 23 for Operational Oceanography in the 21st Century based on the International GODAE Summer School 11-22 January 2010 University of Western Australia Perth, 2011.

McPhaden, M.J., K. Ando, B. Bourlès, H. P. Freitag, R. Lumpkin, Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty, P. Nobre, M. Ravichandran, J. Vialard, D. Vousden, and W. Yu., 2010. "The Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array" in Proceedings of OceanObs?09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21-25 September 2009, Hall, J., Harrison, D.E. & Stammer, D., Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306, doi:10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.61.

Lefèvre, N., D. Diverrès, F. Gallois, G. Parard, J. Boutin, G. Caniaux, L. Beaumont, and T. Danguy: Autonomous CO2 measurements in the tropical Atlantic. MERCATOR Ocean Quarterly Newletter, 34, 20-29, 2009.

Bourras, D., A. Weill, G. Caniaux, L. Eymard, N. Geyskens, D. Hauser, D. Legain, S. Letourneur, G. Reverdin, L. Baggio, et C. Berthod: Mesures de turbulence à l?interface océan-atmosphère. Résumé Etendu des Ateliers de Modélisation de l'Atmosphère (AMA) 2009. CNRM Ed., Toulouse, 27-29 Janvier 2009, pp6, 2009.

Lebel, T. & B. Bourlès, Le climat tropical de l?Atlantique à l?Afrique sous l??il d?AMMA-Catch et PIRATA, Revue Sciences au Sud de l?IRD, n°45, juillet-août 2008.

Bourlès, B., P.Freitag, and M.McPhaden, Moored buoy networks: the key to understanding the tropical Oceans, Argos Forum #67, Novembre 2008.

Cabanes, C., C. de Boyer Montégut, C. Coatanoan, N. Ferry, C. Pertuisot, K. Von Schuckmann, L. Petit de la Villeon, T. Carval, S. Pouliquen and P.-Y. Le Traon, CORA (CORIOLIS Ocean Database for re-Analyses), a new comprehensive and qualified ocean in-situ dataset from 1900 to 2008 and its use in GLORYS, Mercator Ocean - CORIOLIS Quarterly Newsletter - Special Issue#37 ? April 2010, pp15-19, 2010.

Dombrowsky, E., L. Bertino, G.B. Brassington, E.P. Chassignet, F. Davidson, H.E. Hurlburt, M. Kamachi, T. Lee, M.J. Martin, S. Mei, and M. Tonani, GODAE Systems in operation, in Final GODAE Symposium 2008: The revolution in global ocean forecasting GODAE: 10 years of achievement, Nice, France. Edited by GODAE, GODAE, 2008.

Hernandez, F., L. Bertino, G.B. Brassington, J.A. Cummings, L. Crosnier, F. Davidson, P. Hacker, M. Kamachi, K.A. Lisæter, R. Mahdon, and M.J. Martin, Validation and Intercomparison of Analysis and Forecast Products, in Final GODAE Symposium: The revolution in global ocean forecasting GODAE: 10 years of achievement, Nice, France. Edited by GODAE, GODAE, 2008.

Drévillon, M., R. Bourdallé-Badie, C. Derval, Y. Drillet, J.-M. Lellouche, E. Rémy, B. Tranchant, M. Benkiran, E. Greiner, S. Guinehut, N. Verbrugge, G. Garric, C.-E. Testut, M. Laborie, L. Nouel, P. Bahurel, C. Bricaud, L. Crosnier, E. Dombrowsky, E. Durand, N. Ferry, F. Hernandez, O. Le Galloudec, F. Messal, and L. Parent, The GODAE/Mercator-Ocean global ocean forecasting system: results, applications and prospects, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 1 (1), 51-57, 2008.

Drevillon M., Bourdalle-Badie R., Derval C., Drillet Y., Lellouche J. M., Remy E., Tranchant B., Benkiran M., Greiner L., Guinehut S., Verbrugge N., Garric G., Testut C. E., Laborie M., Nouel L., Bahurel P., Bricaud C., Crosnier L., Dombrowsky E., Durand E., Ferry N., Hernandez F., Le Galloudec O., Messal F., Parent L. (2008). The GODAE/Mercator-Ocean global ocean forecasting system: results, applications and prospects. Journal Of Operational Oceanography, 1(1), 51-57.

Drévillon, M., J.-M. Lellouche, E. Greiner, E. Remy, N. Verbrugge, and L. Crosnier, Ocean circulation and water properties in 2007 described by the MERSEA/Mercator Ocean V2 global ocean analysis and forecasting system, La lettre trimestrielle de MERCATOR, 29, 5-18, 2007b.

Drévillon, M., L. Crosnier, N. Ferry, E. Greiner, and PSY3V2 Team, The new 1/4° Mercator-Ocean global multivariate analysis and forecasting system: Tropical oceans outlook, La lettre trimestrielle de MERCATOR, 26, 9-18, 2007a.

Guinehut, S., and G. Larnicol, Influence of the sampling of temperature data on the interannual variability of the global mean thermosteric sea level index, La lettre trimestrielle de MERCATOR, 25, 13-19, 2007.

Hernandez, F., Tropical arrays for observing ocean and atmosphere dynamics, La lettre trimestrielle de MERCATOR, 26, 6-8, 2007.

Marin, F., G. Athié, C. Regnier, and Y. Du Penhoat, Structure of intra-seasonal variability in the upper layers of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean from the Mercator-Ocean MERA-11 reanalysis, La lettre trimestrielle de MERCATOR, 26, 27-35, 2007.

Dombrowsky, E., F. Hernandez, M. Benkiran, E. Greiner, S. Giraud, D. Jourdan, and S. Vrac, 2007. Review of OSSE/OSE performed at Mercator-Ocean, (Oral). In OOPC-GODAE meeting on OSSEs/OSEs, IOC, Paris, France, 5-7 November 2007.

Brandt, P., F.A. Schott, C. Provost, A. Kartavtseff, V. Hormann, B. Bourlès, and J. Fischer, Circulation in the central equatorial Atlantic: Mean and intraseasonal to seasonal variability, Geophysical Research Abstracts, European Geophysical Union, Vienne, avril 2006.

Dengler, M., B. Bourlès, and J. Toole, Deep diurnal cycle turbulence due to Tropical Instability Waves in the Atlantic at 10?W, Geophysical Research Abstracts, European Geophysical Union, Vienne, avril 2006.

Bunge, L., C. Provost, A. Kartavtseff and B. Bourlès, Horizontal velocity variability at 10ºW and 23ºW on the equator, AGU General Assembly, Hawaï-USA, 2006.

Bourlès, B., R. L.Molinari, and P. Brandt, Oceanic campaigns and measurements from open ocean (AMMA Task Team n°6) ; In: Genau, I., S. Marsh, J. McQuaid, J.L. Redelsperger, C. Thorncroft, and E. Van Den Akker (Edts): Extended Abstracts, First International AMMA Conference, Dakar, Sénégal, 28th November - 4th December 2005, 114-116, 2006.

Arhan, M., A. M. Treguier, B. Bourlès, S. Michel, Diagnosing the annual cycle of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the Atlantic Ocean from a General Circulation model (EGU05-A-03458), EGU General Assembly, Vienna, April 2005

Le Borgne, P., Gérard Legendre, Anne Marsouin, OSI SAF radiative fluxes, Extended abstract for OSI SAF (Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility) Workshop, Perros-Guirec, (France), March 2005.

Brut, A., A. Butet, P. Durand, G. Caniaux, and S. Planton: Estimations of turbulent air-sea fluxes and their parameterizations including airflow distortion corrections from the EQUALANT99 dataset, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 2005.

Clauzet G., I. Wainer, et J. Servain: Times-scales of variability from the high frequency PIRATA data revealed by wavelet analysis. Braz. J. Meteorol., 20, 1, 43-58., 2005.

Busalacchi, A. J., R. Boscolo, B. Dickson, A. Piola, J. Servain and N. Zeng : Climate observing system for the Atlantic sector. CLIVAR Exchanges, Vol. 9, N° 3, pp 8-11 +p16, October 2004

Cousin, R., F. Hernandez et Y. Du Penhoat, Apport du réseau de mouillages météo-océaniques PIRATA pour l?océanographie opérationnelle, La lettre trimestrielle MERCATOR-OCEAN, 15, 2-8, Octobre 2004.

Servain J., B. Bourlès, et S. Planton : Le Programme PIRATA : Réalisations, Exploitation, Développement. Recueil de communications de l?Atelier Expérimentation et Instrumentation (AEI). Paris, France, 23-24 mars 2004, 2004.

Servain, J. : PIRATA, Pirata et Mercator : Des bouées ancrées observent l'Atlantique tropical. Fiche Actualité MERCATOR (« Chroniques mercatoriennes »), 23 mars 2004. Chronique sur PIRATA disponible sur http://www.mercator-ocean.fr/html/actualites/news/actu_pirata_fr.html

Bourlès, B., J. Servain et S. Planton, l?ORE PIRATA, colloque ORE du CNRS/INSU, Paris, 15-16 Nov 2004.

Durand B., L.H. Ayina, A. Bentamy et J. Servain : High resolution satellite-derived surface turbulent fluxes over the Atlantic Ocean. XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Meteorologia. Fortaleza, Brazil, Sept 2004.

Durand B., Servain J., Laurent H., and Machado L. A.: Fluxo de calor latente no Atlântico tropical, convecção sobre o Nordeste e a rede PIRATA. Extended Proceedings XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Meteorologia. Fortaleza, Brazil, Sept 2004.

Servain J., B. Bourlès, et S. Planton, Le Programme PIRATA : Réalisations, Exploitation, Développement. Recueil de Communications de l?Atelier Expérimentation et Instrumentation (AEI). Paris, France, 6pp, March 2004.

Servain J., Durand B., Ayina L.-H. and Bentamy A., High resolution satellite and PIRATA derived surface turbulent fluxes over the Atlantic Ocean. Extended Proceeding XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Meteorologia. Fortaleza, Brazil, Sept 2004.

Servain J., Hervé M., and B. Durand, A real-time diagnostic analysis of the PIRATA observations. Joint American and Canadian Geophysical Unions meeting, Montreal, Canada, May 2004.

Servain J., O Programa PIRATA: CAMISA-PIRATA, O programa PIRATA : Objetivos, Realisaçaoes, Perspectivas. Extended Proceeding XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Meteorologia. Fortaleza, Brésil, Sept 2004.

Dourado, M., and G. Caniaux: One-dimensional modelling of the oceanic boundary layer using PIRATA data at 10S, 10W. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, v.19, n.2, 217-226, 2004.

Provost C., S. Arnault, N. Chouaib, A. Kartavtseff, L. Bunge and E. Sultan, 2004: Equatorial pressure gradient in the Atlantic in 2002: TOPEX Poseidon and Jason versus the first PIRATA current measurements. Marine Geodesy , 27, 13774-13769, 2004.

Dourado Marcelo, Caniaux Guy (2004). One-dimensional modeling of the oceanic boundary layer using PIRATA data at 10°S, 10°W. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, 19(2), 217-226.

Clauzet , G., Wainer I., et Servain J.: Variabilidade de alta frequencia nos dados da rede de boais PIRATA : Parte I ? Caracterização das séries temporais. Revista Brasileira de Oceanografia, 2003.

Peter, A.C., et Y. du Penhoat : Étude de la couche de mélange océanique et bilan de chaleur dans le Golfe de Guinée, journées prospectives du PATOM, CIC de Météo France, Toulouse. Dec 2003.

Vera C. S., Hazeleger, W., Wainer, I., and Servain, J. : Climate Variability in the South Atlantic Ocean. « White Document » prepared for the « Workshop SACOS : South Atlantic Climate Observing System », Angra dos Reis, RJ, Brazil, Feb 2003.

Ayina L. H., and Servain J. : Spatial-temporal evolution of the low frequency climate variability in the tropical Atlantic. Interhemispheric Water Exchange in the Atlantic Ocean (Elsevier Oceanographic Series), Edited by G. J. Goni and P. Malanotte-Rozzoli, 475-495, 2003.

Clauzet G., I. Wainer et Servain J.: Variabilidade de alta frequencia nos dados da rede de boais PIRATA : Parte II ? Revelada pela Analise de ondeletas. Revista Brasileira de Oceanografia, 2002.

Garzoli, S. L., and J. Servain: CLIVAR workshop on tropical Atlantic variability. Introduction to Geophysical Research Letters Special Issue, 30 (5), 8001, doi:10.1029/2002GL016823, 2003.

Marchand, P., and J. Servain: NOR-50: Fast research vessel for operational oceanography - Implementing PIRATA & Argo programs in the Tropical & South Atlantic in a practical, economic way. Sea Technology, 43 (6), 49-54, 2002.

DuPenhoat, Y., N. Ferry, C. Maes, J.Merle, S. Arnault, collab.: L. Fleury, E. Greiner, M. Benkiran, A. Lazar, G. Eldin et B. Bourlès, Validation des systèmes MERCATOR en zone tropical: océans Pacifique et Atlantique, Journées Mercator-Coriolis, LEGOS (France), Sept 2002.

Servain J., The status and perspective of the PIRATA Program. A CLIVAR Workshop on the Dynamics and Predictability of the Atlantic ITCZ and its Regional Climatic Influences. A CLIVAR Workshop on the Dynamics and Predictability of the Atlantic ITCZ and its Regional Climatic Influences. IRI, Palisades, NY, USA, Sept 2002.

Bentamy A., K B. Katsaros, M. Alberto, W. M. Drennan, E. B. Forde: Daily surface wind fields produced by merged satellite data. American Geophys. Union, 343-349, 2002.

Bentamy Abderrahim, Katsaros Kb, Drennan Wm, Forde Eb (2002). Daily surface wind fields produced by merged satellite data. Gas Transfer At Water Surfaces, 127, 343-349. Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/10106/

Servain, J. and Lorenzetti J.: PIRATA-8 Meeting Report. CLIVAR-Exchanges No. 22, Newsletter of the CLIVAR Program, Vol. 6, No. 4, December 2001.

Ayina H. L., and J. Servain : Climate modulation in a general circulation model of the tropical Atlantic. CLIVAR Tropical Atlantic Workshop, Paris, France, Sept, 2001.

Cariou S., J. Servain, R. Person, et Y. Roubaud : Study of the tuna behaviour by acoustic simulation. CLIVAR Tropical Atlantic Workshop, Paris, France, Sept 2001.

Michel, S., A-M. Treguier, R. Schopp, Y. Quilfen, A. Bentamy, Comparison of two Atlantic simulations forced by ECMWF and ERS wind climatologies, CLIVAR workshop on Tropical Atlantic Variability, Paris, Sept 2001.

Quilfen, Y., A. Bentamy, S. Michel, A-M. Treguier, R. Schopp, Impact of the wind from ERS satellites and from ECMWF reanalysis in the CLIPPER Atlantic model : first results, AGU meeting on scatterometry, Los Angeles, Dec 2001.

Servain J., and J. Lorenzzetti: PIRATA-8 Meeting Report. CLIVAR-Exchanges No. 22, Newsletter of the CLIVAR Program, Vol. 6, No. 4, Dec 2001.

Servain J., and the PIRATA SSC : The PIRATA program and a proposed expansion through the South East. Proceedings of the 10th Southern African Marine Science Symposium (SAMSS 2000) Land, Sea and People in the New Millenium, 22 to 26 November, 1999, Wilderness, South Africa, p 131, 1999.

Servain J : PIRATA, une surveillance du climat de l'Atlantique tropical qui entre dans son rythme de croisière. Rapport d'Activité de l'IRD 1999 « Un institut en mutation », 2000.

Vianna M. L., Servain J., and Busalacchi A. J. : PIRATA: Recent results and future perspectives. CLIVAR Exchanges, Vol. 4, N° 3, 17- 24, 1999

Vianna M. L., Servain J., and Busalacchi A.J.: The PIRATA Program: Monitoring Tropical Atlantic Waters. Sea Technology, Vol. 40, N° 10, 10-15, 1999.

McPhaden M. J., P.Freitag, J.Servain and E. Josse, Effects of fishing activity on tropical moored buoy arrays. Actes du colloque Caraïbe-Martinique "Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons", 15-19 octobre 1999. Edits. J.-Y. Le Gall, P. Cayré & M. Taquet. p. 154.

Servain J., PIRATA Status Report. TAO Implementation Panel Report of the Seventh Session, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 11-13 November 1998, GOOS Report No. 68, GCOS Report No. 52, ICPO Publication Series No. 26, 10-11, 1998.

Servain J., and Group PIRATA : The PIRATA program: An extension of the TAO array in the Atlantic. Conférence Internationale Abidjan'98 "Variabilité des Ressources en Afrique au XXème Siècle", Recueil des Posters, 16-19 novembre 1998, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 157-161, 1998.

Servain J., Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic. Annales Geophysicae, Supplement II to Volume 15, PartII, Hydrology, Oceans, Atmosphere & Nonlinear Geophysics, C 410, 1997.

Servain J., H.L. Ayina, and H.Roquet: Et si PIRATA avait été mis en place dès 1979 ! Recueil des Actes, Symposium International Surveillance des Océans à l?Horizon 2000 : Une Approche Intégrée, 15-17 octobre 1997, Biarritz, France, 4 pp., 1997

Clauzet G., I. Wainer, et J. Servain,: Time-scales of variability from the high-frequency PIRATA data (1997-2000). Joint IAPSO/IABO Assembly: 2001 An Ocean Odyssey. Mar del Plata, Argentina, Oct 2001.

Servain J., and M. Vianna, Pilot research moored array in the tropical Atlantic - PIRATA. Program Status Report in TAO Implementation Panel Report of the Sixth Session, Reading, England, 4-6 November 1997, GOOS Report No. 36, GCOS Report No. 43, ICPO Publication Series No. 13, p 10, 1998.

Servain J., Introduction of the Session "Scientific results from the PIRATA Program (1997-2004)". Joint American and Canadian Geophysical Unions meeting, Montreal, Canada, May 2004.

Reverdin, G, J. Servain and S.Planton, 1997 : Réseau de mouillages PIRATA dans l'Atlantique tropical. Atelier "Expérimentation et Instrumentation", 29-30 octobre 1997, Auditorium du CNRS, Campus Michel Ange, Paris 16°, 7-12.

Servain J., Le Programme PIRATA (Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic). Colloques et Congrès de Météo-France, Atelier de Modélisation de l'Atmosphère, Toulouse, 3-4 décembre 1996, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, 3-8, 1996.

Servain J., The PIRATA program: An extension of the TAO array in the Atlantic. Program Status Report in TAO Implementation Panel Report of the Fifth Meeting, Goa, India, 18-21 novembre 1996, GCOS Report No. 31, ICPO Publication Series No. 5, GOOS Report No. 97/1, 15-16, 1997.

Hernandez, F., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, P. Brandt, E. Campos, H. Giordani, R. Lumpkin, M. J. McPhaden, P. Nobre, and R. Saravanan, The PIRATA Observing System in the Tropical Atlantic: Enhancements and perspectives, European Geosciences Union General Assembly: Vienne, Autriche, 23-27 Avril, Geophys. Res.

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Rousselot, P. (2019), Rapport de Calibration des données CTD-O2 De la campagne PIRATA-FR29, SEANOE, DOI : 10.17600/18000875.

Rousselot, P. (2019), Rapport de Calibration des données LADCP De la campagne PIRATA-FR29, SEANOE, DOI : 10.17600/18000875.

Rousselot, P. (2019), Rapport de Calibration des données SADCP De la campagne PIRATA-FR29, SEANOE, DOI : 10.17600/18000875.

Rousselot, P. (2019), Rapport de Calibration des données mouillage ADCP De la campagne PIRATA-FR29, SEANOE, DOI : 10.17600/18000875.

Habasque Jérémie, Herbert Gaelle (2018). Inter-comparaison des mesures de courant dans l'Atlantique Tropical. Rapport Coriolis. https://doi.org/10.13155/55134

Bourlès Bernard, Baurand Francois, Hillion Sandrine, Rousselot Pierre, Grelet Jacques, Bachelier Celine, Roubaud Fabrice, Gouriou Yves, Chuchla Remy (2018). French PIRATA cruises: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS data. https://doi.org/10.17882/58141

Bourlès Bernard, Habasque Jérémie, Rousselot Pierre, Grelet Jacques, Roubaud Fabrice, Bachelier Céline, Gouriou Yves (2018). French PIRATA cruises: MOORING ADCP data. https://doi.org/10.17882/51557

Bourlès Bernard, Herbert Gaëlle, Rousselot Pierre, Grelet Jacques (2018). French PIRATA cruises: S-ADCP data. https://doi.org/10.17882/44635

Bourlès Bernard, Rousselot Pierre, Grelet Jacques, Roubaud Fabrice, Bachelier Céline, Chuchla Rémy, Gouriou Yves (2018). French PIRATA cruises: CTD-O2 data. SEANOE. https://doi.org/10.17882/51534

Habasque Jérémie, Nowaczyk Antoine (2018). Zooplankton samples from Eastern tropical Atlantic. https://doi.org/10.17882/58349

Rousselot, P., Rapport de Calibration des données CTD-02 de la campagne PIRATA-FR28, DOI : 10.17600/18000404, Septembre 2018.

Rousselot, P., Rapport de Calibration des données LADCP De la campagne PIRATA-FR28, DOI : 10.17600/18000404, Décembre 2018

Rousselot, P., Rapport de Calibration des données SADCP de la campagne PIRATA-FR28, DOI : 10.17600/18000404, Octobre 2018.

Testor Pierre (2018). Pirata deployment (EGO glider: bonpland) (Atlantic Ocean - Gulf of Guinea). SEANOE. https://doi.org/10.17882/56456:

Pouliquen Sylvie, Maze Guillaume , Lebreton Nathanaele, D'Ortenzio Fabrizio, Alory Gaël, Delcroix Thierry, Bourles Bernard, Blouch Pierre, Guinet Christophe, Gouriou Yves, Gaillard Fabienne , Heyndrickx Céline, Le Menn Marc, Testor Pierre, Donato Vincent, Charria Guillaume , Carval Thierry , Reverdin Gilles, Emzivat Gilbert (2017). CORIOLIS. Rapport d’activités 2016. https://doi.org/10.13155/49970

Hernandez, F., and L. Crosnier, List of internal metrics for the MERSEA-GODAE Global Ocean: Specification for implementation. MERSEA WP5. Project deliverables D5.4.5, ed. by Mercator Océan, Toulouse, MERSEA-WP05-MERCA-STR0015.02A, pp. 75, 2008.

Hernandez, F., L. Crosnier, A. Bel Madani, M. Drévillon, J.-M. Lellouche, A. Hines, L. Bertino, K.A. Lisæter, V. Huess, P. Berg, S. Dobricic, F. Høydalsvik, P. Oddo, and Y. Desaubies, Synthesis of the MERSEA/GODAE implementation status and preliminary inter-comparison results, first assessment report: TOP1 assessment results and TOP2 assessment definition. Project Deliverable D5.4.3, ed. by Mercator Océan, Toulouse, MERSEA-WP05-MERCA-STR-0019-02C, pp. 95, 2006.

Grelet J., Servain J., Lorenzzetti J. et Vianna M. (avec la collaboration de A. Kartavtseff, R. Chuchla et B. Bourlès, 2003 : Recueil de données Météo-Océaniques durant les campagnes PIRATA : Années 1997-2003. Publication IRD-Brest ; aussi disponible sur support CD.

Kartavtseff, Annie, Mouillage courantométrique PIRATA 10°W ; Mai 2003- Février 2004 ; Internal Report LODYC, n°2004-01, May 2004.

Kartavtseff A.: Mouillages courantométriques PIRATA 10W et 23W. Dec 2001-Dec 2002. Internal Report LODYC n°2003-01, 2003.

Groupe PIRATA : Scientific and Implementation Plan of A Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). Novembre 1996. Editions IRD-Brest.

Kolodziejczyk Nicolas, Diverres Denis, Jacquin Stéphane, Gouriou Yves, Grelet Jacques, Le Menn Marc, Tassel Joelle, Reverdin

References of International Seminar Communications

F. Gasparin, S. Cravatte, R. Bourdallé-Badie, H. Giordani, E. Kestenare, J. Llido, P. Rousselot, F. Laurent, B. Bourlès (2024) Recent improvements to the diurnal mixed layer observing system in the equatorial Atlantic in the wake of TPOS, Ocean Sciences Meeting, New Orleans, USA, 18-23 February, 2024

Annasawmy P., L. Izard, P. Rousselot, S. Hillion, B. Bourlès, J. Habasque (2023), Spatio-temporal variability in pelagic biophysical associations in the eastern tropical Atlantic, PIRATA-26 Meeting & TRIATLAS Conference and General Assembly, Banyuls sur Mer, France, 16-20 octobre, 2023.

Cariou, T., L. Andres, A. Brouquier, B. Bourlès, L. Coppola, S. Hillion, N. Lefèvre, F. Le Loch, A. Lorrain, A. Médieu, J.M. Munaron, I. Pondaven, G. Reverdin, F. Roubaud, P. Rousselot, V. Taillandier (2023), New biogeochemical parameters collected during PIRATA-FR, PIRATA-26 Meeting & TRIATLAS Conference and General Assembly, Banyuls sur Mer, France, 16-20 octobre, 2023.

Di Matteo L., I. Dadou, C. Cardot, D. Napolitano, G. Alory, Y. Morel, G. Morvan, M. Aguedjou, A. Chaigneau, M. Gévaudan, J. Jouanno (2023), Physical/biogeochemical interactions in the Gulf of Guinea near Sao Tomé Island, PIRATA-26 Meeting & TRIATLAS Conference and General Assembly, Banyuls sur Mer, France, 16-20 octobre, 2023.

Gasparin, F., H. Giordani, R. Bourdalle-Badie, G. Samson (2023), Evaluation and optimization of numerical parametrizations of the ocean mixed layer based on PIRATA observations in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, PIRATA-26 Meeting & TRIATLAS Conference and General Assembly, Banyuls sur Mer, France, 16-20 octobre, 2023.

Gévaudan M., J. Jouanno and O. Aumont (2023), On the importance of organic matter discharge for the Amazon plume productivity : a modeling study, PIRATA-26 Meeting & TRIATLAS Conference and General Assembly, Banyuls sur Mer, France, 16-20 octobre, 2023.

Robo., M., J. Llido, A. Paulmier, T. Cariou, V. Garçon (2023), Interannual oxygen variability in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean, PIRATA-26 Meeting & TRIATLAS Conference and General Assembly, Banyuls sur Mer, France, 16-20 octobre, 2023.

Rousselot, P., A. Brouquier, B. Bourlès, T. Cariou, S. Hillion, J. Llido, I. Pondaven, F. Roubaud (2023), Physical data collected during PIRATA-FR : Processing, Validation and Diffusion, PIRATA-26 Meeting & TRIATLAS Conference and General Assembly, Banyuls sur Mer, France, 16-20 octobre, 2023.

Thiam A.K., G. Alory, I. Dadou, Y. Morel, C. Cardot, D. Napolitano, M. Agedjou, G. Morvan, J. Jouanno (2023), Mesoscale dynamics and its influence on coastal upwelling in the northern Gulf of Guinea, PIRATA-26 Meeting & TRIATLAS Conference and General Assembly, Banyuls sur Mer, France, 16-20 octobre, 2023.

Topé, G.D.A. ,G. Alory, S. Djakouré, C.Y. Da-Allada, J. Jouanno, G. Morvan (2023), Impact of marine heat waves on the ocean and atmospheric conditions in the Gulf of Guinea, PIRATA-26 Meeting & TRIATLAS Conference and General Assembly, Banyuls sur Mer, France, 16-20 octobre, 2023.

Llido J., B. Bourlès, P. Rousselot, T. Cariou, S. Hillion, F. Roubaud, A. Brouquier, I. Pondaven, F. Gasparin, F. Hernandez, J. Jouanno (2023), PIRATA and SNO PIRATA: The evolution of observations in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic and perspectives, 10ème Conférence Internationale TACCOVAR, Bénin, 18-20 septembre 2023.

Awo F.M., M. Rouault, M. Ostrowski, F. S. Tomety, C. Y. Da-Allada, and J. Jouanno (2022), Seasonal Cycle of Sea Surface Salinity in the Angola Upwelling System, TRIATLAS General Assemby and Conference - PIRATA-25 Meeting, Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, 03-07 October 2022

Gasparin, F., H. Giordani, S. Cravatte, R. Bourdallé-Badie, E. Kestenare, J. Llido, G. Samson, B. Bourlès (2022), Observing and modelling diurnal ocean mixed layer in the eastern equatorial Atlantic, TRIATLAS General Assemby and Conference - PIRATA-25 Meeting, Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, 03-07 October 2022

Giordani H. and P. Peyrillé (2022), Dynamics of the Atlantic Marine Intertropical Convergence Zone, TRIATLAS General Assemby and Conference - PIRATA-25 Meeting, Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, 03-07 October 2022

Thiam A.K., G. Alory, I. Dadou, Y. Morel, D. Napolitano, J. Jouanno (2022), Mesoscale dynamics in the northern Gulf of Guinea, TRIATLAS General Assemby and Conference - PIRATA-25 Meeting, Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, 03-07 October 2022

Araujo, M. B. Bourlès, E. Campos, L. Cotrim, G. Foltz, H. Giordani, F. Hernandez, N. Lefèvre, M. McPhaden, P. Nobre, C. Patricola, A. Sutton, P. Brandt : Prediction and Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic: PIRATA; Sciences cooperation, policies interface and SDGs in South Atlantic Ocean, Conference From COP21 towards the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) at UNESCO, Paris, France, 10 septembre 2018.

Bourlès, B., J Llido, F. Hernandez, H. Giordani (2021) PIRATA network status: PIRATA French national report to PIRATA SSG/PRB, virtual PIRATA-24-TAV meeting (in visio-conference), 11-14 May 2021.

Brandt, P., J. Hahn, S. Schmidtko, F. P. Tuchen, R. Kopte, R. Kiko, B. Bourlès, R. Czeschel, M. Dengler (2021) Decadal variability of circulation and oxygen in the upper equatorial Atlantic; virtual PIRATA-24-TAV meeting (in visio-conference), 11-14 May 2021.

Gasparin, F., R. Bourdallé-Badie, J.P. Lellouche, S. Cravatte (2021) How does data assimilation on weekly and longer time scales influence SST diurnal variations in the tropical Atlantic?, virtual PIRATA-24-TAV meeting (in visio-conference), 11-14 May 2021.

Giordani, H. and R. Bourdallé-Badie (2021) An eddy-diffusivity mass-flux parameterization for modeling oceanic convection, virtual PIRATA-24-TAV meeting (in visio-conference), 11-14 May 2021.

Houndegnonto, J.O., N. Kolodziejczyk, C. Maes, B. Bourlès, N. Grima, D. Dober, C. Y. Da-Allada, and N. Reul (2021) On the formation of thermohaline stratification off Congo River plume, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, (in visio-conference), 27 September-01 October 2021.

Hounsou-Gbo, G. A., J. Servain, E. Martins, M. Araujo (2021) Long-term variability of South Atlantic and connections with El Niño Southern Oscillation, virtual PIRATA-24-TAV meeting (in visio-conference), 11-14 May 2021 (poster).

Moum, J., S. J. Warner, B. Bourlès, P. Brandt, K. Hugues, D. Cherian, W. Smyth & E. Shroyer (2021) Mixing in the Equatorial Cold Tongues - A TAO / PIRATA Comparison of Xpod Adventures, virtual PIRATA-24-TAV meeting (in visio-conference), 11-14 May 2021.

Napolitano, D., G. Alory, J. Jouanno, Y. Morel, I. Dadou, G. Morvan (2021) Island's topography effects on the meso-to-large scale circulation of the Gulf of Guinea, virtual PIRATA-24-TAV meeting (in visio-conference), 11-14 May 2021 (poster).

Rémy, E. (2021) Impact of tropical Atlantic observations on ocean analysis and forecasts, virtual PIRATA-24-TAV meeting (in visio-conference), 11-14 May 2021

Speich, S., W. Johns, R. Rodriguez, M. Araujo, B. Bourlès & co-authors (2021) Tropical Atlantic Contributions to the Global Ocean Observing System, All Atlantic 2021 meeting (CLIVAR-GOOS-TAOS- ATLANTOS), Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal, 2-4 June 2021.

Bourlès, B. (2020): PIRATA network status: PIRATA French national report to PIRATA SSG/PRB, conférence PIRATA-24_0, virtual meeting in visio-conference, 23-24 avril 2020.

Brandt, P., Hahn, J., Sunke, S., Tuchen, F. P., Kopte, R., Kiko, R., Bourlès, B., and Dengler, M. (2020) : Decadal variability of circulation and oxygen in the equatorial Atlantic, EGU General Assembly 2020, virtual meeting in visio-conference, Online, 4-8 May 2020, EGU2020-10934, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10934, 2020.

Alory, G., P. Téchiné, T. Delcroix, D. Diverres, D. Varillon, C. Bachelier, J. Grelet, S. Jacquin, E. Kestenare, R. Morrow, G. Reverdin, and B. Bourlès, The French Sea Surface Salinity Observation Service : 50 years of global observations from ships of opportunity, OceanObs '19 Conference, Honolulu, Hawaï USA, septembre 2019.

Barbier, M., F. Whoriskey, B. Bourlès, E. Delory, S. Pouliquen, M. Scobie, U. Schauer, and P. Poli, Ethical recommendations for ocean observation, Poster, OceanObs '19 Conference, Honolulu, Hawaï USA, septembre 2019.

Barbier, M., P. Afonso, A. Boetius, B. Bourlès, F. Janssen, T. Kanzow, R. Lampitt, G.Obolensky, P. Poli, S. Pouliquen, U. Schauer, P. Testor, F. Whoriskey and H. Claustre, Autonomous ocean observation networks in the Atlantic Ocean, Poster, Final AtlantOS General Assembly & 1st international AtlantOS symposium, UNESCO, Paris, 25-28 mars 2019.

Herbert, G., S. Cravatte, J. Habasque, G. Reverdin, and B. Bourlès, Near-surface current shear from in situ measurements in the Tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Poster, ESA World Ocean Circulation User Consultation Meeting, Frascati, Italy, 21-22 Février 2019.

Hernandez, F., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, P. Brandt, L. Cotrim da Cunha, G. Foltz, H. Giordani, N. Lefevre, J. Llido, M. Mc Phaden, P. Nobre, C. Patricola, R. Rodrigues, and A. Sutton, The PIRATA array in the tropical Atlantic: Enhancements and perspectives in support of operational oceanography, OceanPredict '19, GODAE symposium, Halifax, Canada, Mai 2019.

Hernandez, F., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, P. Brandt, L. Cotrim da Cunha, P. Dandin, G. Foltz, A. Ganachaud, H. Giordani, D. Legler, M. Mc Phaden, P. Nobre, C. Patricola, R. Rodrigues, and A. Sutton, J. Trotte-Duha: PIRATA: The evolving backbone of the Tropical Atlantic Observing System, Poster, OceanObs '19 Conference, Honolulu, Hawaï USA, septembre 2019.

Houndegnonto, O. J., N. Kolodziejczyk, C. Maes, B. Bourlès, C. Y. Da-Allada, and N. Reul, Seasonal variability of Niger and Congo Rivers plumes in the Gulf of Guinea, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 23-27 septembre 2019.

Houndegnonto, O. J., N. Kolodziejczyk, C. Maes, B. Bourlès, C. Y. Da-Allada, and N. Reul, Seasonal variability of Niger and Congo Rivers plumes in the Gulf of Guinea, EGU General Assembly, Vienne-Autriche, 4-12 Avril 2019.

Houndegnonto, O. J., N. Kolodziejczyk, C. Maes, B. Bourlès, C. Y. Da-Allada, and N. Reul, Seasonal variability of Niger and Congo Rivers plumes in the Gulf of Guinea, Summer School ?"Fluid Dynamics of Sustainability and the Environment", Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, 1-12 juillet 2019.

Lherminier, P., T. Tanhua, S. Pouliquen, C. Devey, A.-C. Wölfl, T. Kanzow, U. Schauer, B. Bourlès, P. Testor, P. Poli, M. Barbier and K. Drinkwater, Improvement of observing networks towards physical measurements in the Atlantic Ocean, Final AtlantOS General Assembly & 1st international AtlantOS symposium, UNESCO, Paris, 25-28 mars 2019.

Watson, A., M. Barbier, J. Thorn, T. Tanhua, H. Claustre, S. Pouliquen, B. Bourlès, T. Kanzow, R. Lampitt, U. Schauer, G. Obolensky, P. Lherminier and K. Drinkwater, Improvement of observing networks towards biogeochemical measurement in the Atlantic Ocean, Poster. Final AtlantOS General Assembly & 1st international AtlantOS symposium, UNESCO, Paris, 25-28 mars 2019.

Araujo, M., B. Bourlès, R. Peres & coll., Tropical Atlantic moorings network (In Session 2: Tropical Atlantic Observing System Networks; Current Status and plans to 2030), 1st Tropical Atlantic Observing System workshop, Portland, USA, 9-10 February 2018.

Peres, R., B. Bourlès, Araujo, M. & coll., Tropical Atlantic Shipboard and Vessel based observations (In Session 2: Tropical Atlantic Observing System Networks; Current Status and plans to 2030), 1st Tropical Atlantic Observing System workshop, Portland, USA, 9-10 February 2018.

Araujo, M. and B. Bourlès, The PIRATA 22 / PREFACE meeting; 10th anniversary of PIRATA 16th Session of Atlantic Region Panel Meeting, Portland, USA, 10 February 2018.

Araujo, M., B. Bourlès & coll., Societal impact and importance of observing the Tropical Atlantic (In Session 1: Requirements for the Tropical Atlantic Observing System), 1st Tropical Atlantic Observing System workshop, Portland, USA, 9-10 February 2018.

Awo, M., G.Alory, C. Y. Da-Allada, T. Delcroix, J. Jouanno, E. Baloi?tcha. Sea Surface Salinity signature of the tropical Atlantic interannual climatic modes. Preface Meeting, Lanzarote, April 2018.

Balsameda, M. and P. Dandin, Tropical Atlantic ocean & weather forecast, conférence PIRATA-23 / 2nd Tropical Atlantic Observing System workshop, Marseille, France, 22 - 26 octobre 2018.

Capet, X., L. Kounta, E. Machu and J. Jouanno, On Nearshore hypoxia and oxygen ventilation in the Eastern tropical North Atlantic, conférence PIRATA-23 / 2nd Tropical Atlantic Observing System workshop,, Marseille, France, 22 - 26 octobre 2018.

Cravatte, S., G. Reverdin, J. Habasque, G. Herbert, B. Bourlès, C. Maes, and E. Martinez, Needs in near-surface currents observations in the Equatorial and Tropical Oceans, SKIM international workshop, Brest, France, 10-12 octobre 2018.

Da-Allada, C., J. Jouanno, N. Kolodziejczyk, C. Maes, B. Bourle?s, G. Alory and F. Gaillard. Boreal spring equatorial Sea Surface Salinity as a potential predictor of Atlantic Cold Tongue events. Preface Meeting, Lanzarote, April 2018.

Dandin, P. and B. Bourlès, IRD & Météo-France in the Tropical Atlantic ocean, 1st Tropical Atlantic Observing System workshop, Portland, USA, 9-10 February 2018.

Giordani, H., P. Peyrillé and A. Vasconcelos, What Processes control the Wind in the Boundary-Layer of the ITCZ, conférence PIRATA-23 / 2nd Tropical Atlantic Observing System workshop,, Marseille, France, 22 - 26 octobre 2018.

Habasque, J., A. Bertrand, A. Lebourges-Dhaussy, and B. Bourlès, Environmental forcing of marine organisms as revealed by underwater acoustics in the eastern tropical-equatorial Atlantic, conférence PIRATA-23 / 2nd Tropical Atlantic Observing System workshop,, Marseille, France, 22 - 26 octobre 2018.

Houndegnonto, O.J., N. Kolodziejczyk, C. Y. Da-Allada, B. Bourlès and C. Maes, Characterization of Niger and Congo River plumes in the Gulf of Guinea, 2018 Ocean Salinity Science Conference, Paris, France, 6-9 November 2018.

Houndegnonto, O.J., N. Kolodziejczyk, C.Y. Da Allada, B. Bourlès, C. Maes and N. Reul, Characterization of Niger and Congo River plumes in the Gulf of Guinea, conférence PIRATA-23 / 2nd Tropical Atlantic Observing System workshop, Marseille, France, 22 - 26 octobre 2018.

Jouanno, J., O. Hernandez and E. Sanchez-Gomez. Equatorial Atlantic interannual variability and its relation to dynamic and thermodynamic processes. Preface Meeting, Lanzarote, April 2018.

Meynadier et al. The regional coupled system WRF-NEMO (OCATA) over the Tropical Atlantic: impact of the regional coupled processes on the surface heat and water budget. Ocean Sciences Meeting, Portland, USA, 11-16 February 2018.

Moum, J., E. Shroyer, J. D. Nash, S. J. Warner, J. Becherer, P. Brandt, and B. Bourlès, Distinctions in Turbulence Between Atlantic and Pacific Equatorial Cold Tongues: Inferences from Several Years of Moored Mixing Measurements, 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Portland, USA, 11-16 February 2018.

Papapostolou, A., W. E Johns, J. Jouanno and P. Brandt. Seasonal changes in strength and vertical structure of the Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). Ocean Science Meeting Portland, USA, 11-16 February 2018.

Poli, P., Tropical Atlantic data buoys in the global observing system: Impact on global weather forecasts, conférence PIRATA-23 / 2nd Tropical Atlantic Observing System workshop,, Marseille, France, 22 - 26 octobre 2018.

Radenac, M.H., J. Jouanno, C. C. Tchamabi, M. Awo, B. Bourlès, S. Arnault, and O. Aumont, Seasonal cycle of nitrate in the euphotic layer of the Atlantic Cold Tongue, conférence PIRATA-23 / 2nd Tropical Atlantic Observing System workshop,, Marseille, France, 22 - 26 octobre 2018.

Rouault, M., and B. Bourlès, New results from the extension of PIRATA in the tropical South-East Atlantic experiment, conférence PIRATA-23 / 2nd Tropical Atlantic Observing System workshop,, Marseille, France, 22 - 26 octobre 2018

Alory, G., T. Delcroix, C. Da-Allada, J. Jouanno, and E. Baloïtcha, Sea Surface Salinity signature of the interannual climatic modes in the Tropical Atlantic, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Awo, M., Alory, G., Da-Allada, C., Jouanno, J., Delcroix, T., & Baloitcha, E.. Sea Surface Salinity signature of tropical Atlantic interannual modes. General Assembly Conference, April 2017.

Bonou, F., A. Chaigneau, C. Da-Allada, G. Alory, Y. Morel, Z. Sohou, M. Araujo, Eddy impacts on physical and carbon parameters in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Bourlès, B., & coll., Enhancing PREdiction oF Tropical Atlantic ClimatE & its impact; High-Level Ministerial and Scientific Event ?A New Era of Blue Enlightenment?, Session ?Presentation of the South-South Framework for Scientific and Technical Cooperation in the South and Tropical Atlantic and the Southern Ocean?, Lisbonne, Portugal, 13-14 juillet 2017.

Bourlès, B., & coll., The PredIction and Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic and perspectives; High-Level Ministerial and Scientific Event ?A New Era of Blue Enlightenment?, Session ?Connecting to better observe the Atlantic Ocean : AtlantOS PREFACE?, Lisbonne, Portugal, 13-14 juillet 2017.

Bourlès, B., Status of the PIRATA, PREFACE and AtlantOS programs; Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 25-29 septembre 2017.

Bourlès, B.: PIRATA WP3.5 AtlantOS statement & report, meeting 3rd GA AtlantOS, Las Palmas, Spain, 20-24 novembre 2017.

Bourlès, B.: PIRATA network status: enhancements with Preface & AtlantOS & PIRATA French national report to PIRATA SSG/PRB, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Bruto, L., M. Araujo, C. Noriega, D., Veleda, N. Lefèvre, Variability of CO2 fugacity at the western edge of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from the 8°N to 38°W PIRATA buoy, Poster, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Da-Allada, C., F. Gaillard, J. Jouanno, N. Kolodziejczyk, C. Maes, B. Bourlès, and G. Alory, Boreal spring sea surface salinity as a potential predictor of Atlantic cold tongue events, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 25-29 septembre 2017.

Djakouré S., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, A. Hounsou-Gbo & C. Noriega, On the potential causes of the Sargassum bloom events in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Djakouré S., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, A. Hounsou-Gbo & C. Noriega, On the potential causes of the Sargassum bloom events in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 25-29 septembre 2017.

Dossa, N.A., Da-Allada, C., G. Herbert, and B. Bourlès, Seasonal Cycle of the salinity barrier layer revealed in the north-eastern Gulf of Guinea, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 25-29 septembre 2017.

Hounsou-Gbo, G. A., J. Servain, M. Araujo, G. Caniaux, B. Bourlès and D. Fontenele, Tropical South Atlantic variability and impacts on rainy seasons over the Brazilian northeast, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Imbol Koungue, R. A., S. Illig and M. Rouault, Role of Interannual Kelvin wave propagations in the equatorial Atlantic on the Angola-Benguela current system, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Kom, O., G. Alory, C. Da Allada and J. Jouanno, Mixed layer heat/salt budget and EUCt dynamics in the tropical Atlantic from a joint model-observations approach, Poster, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Nogueira Neto, A.V., G. Caniaux, H. Giordani and M. Araújo, Turbulent entrainment rate estimate at the mixed-layer base from Argo floats in the western tropical Atlantic, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Papapostolou, A., W. E. Johns, J. Jouanno, P. Brandt and R. Lumpkin, Seasonal Upwelling in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Perez, R., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, P. Brandt, K. Drushka, G. Foltz, W. Kessler, R. Lumpkin, M. McPhaden, Y. Serra, J. Sprintall,?, Health of the global observing system: tropical oceans; US CLIVAR Summit, August 8-10, 2017.

Rouault, M., and Bourlès, B.: The extension of PIRATA in the tropical South East Atlantic, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Tyaquic?a?, P., D. Veleda, N. Lefe?vre, M. Araujo, C. Noriega, G. Caniaux, J. Servain, and T. Silva, Amazon Plume Salinity Response to Ocean Teleconnections, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Voldoire, A., T. Demissie, A.-L., Deppenmeier, E. Exarchou, C. Frauen et al., SST bias development in the Tropical Atlantic in coupled ocean-atmosphere PREFACE coordinated experiments, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017

-Bonou, F., C. Noriega, N. Lefèvre, M. Araujo: Variability of CO2 parameters in western tropical Atlantic, Académie des Sciences, ISBA-Cotonou, 1er juin 2016.

Alory, G., B. Bourlès, and E. Baloitcha, 3rd year of the PREFACE program, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 3-7 octobre 2016.

Araujo M., F. Bonou, C. Noriega, N. Lefèvre. Distribution of CO2 parameters in the Western Tropical Atlantic Ocean. EGU General Assembly, Vienne, Autriche, 17-22 Avril 2016.

Awo, M., G. Alory, T. Delcroix and E. Baloitcha, Interannual tropical Atlantic variability modes: classification and Sea Surface Salinity signature, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Paris, France, 28 novembre - 2 décembre 2016.

Bonou, F., C. Noriega, N. Lefèvre, M. Araujo: Variability of CO2 parameters in western tropical Atlantic, Journées de la Renaissance Scientifique de l'Afrique, Centre Béninois de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, ISBA-Cotonou, 28 juin 2016.

Bourlès, B.: PIRATA enhancements with Preface & AtlantOS, PIRATA French national report and status to PIRATA SSG, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Paris, France, 28 novembre - 2 décembre 2016.

Claustre, H., A. Boetius, M. Barbier, P. Testor, S. Pouliquen, R. Lampitt, T. Kanzow, B. Bourlès, P. Blouch, P. Afonso, G. Obolensky, F. Whoriskey, F. Janssen, I. Salter, V. Turpin, L. Cristini, P. Poli, Enhancement of autonomous ocean observation networks in the Atlantic Ocean, poster présenté au GCOS Science Conference, Amsterdam, Pays-Bas, 2-4 mars 2016.

Da-Allada, C., J. Jouanno, F. Gaillard, N. Kolodziejczyk, C. Maes, N. Reul, B. Bourlès, Augmentation de la salinité de surface dans la langue d'eau froide équatoriale Atlantique, Journées de la Renaissance Scientifique de l'Afrique, Centre Béninois de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, ISBA-Cotonou, 28 juin 2016.

Da-Allada, C., J. Jouanno, F. Gaillard, N. Kolodziejczyk, C. Maes, N. Reul, B. Bourlès, Role of the Equatorial undercurrent salinity maximum in the seasonal variability of sea surface salinity in the Equatorial Atlantic Cold Tongue, Poster, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Paris, France, 28 novembre - 2 décembre 2016.

Da-Allada, C., J. Jouanno, F. Gaillard, N. Kolodziejczyk, C. Maes, N. Reul, and B. Bourlès, Importance of the Equatorial Undercurrent on the Sea Surface Salinity in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic in boreal spring, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 3-7 octobre 2016.

Djakouré, S., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, A. Hounsou-Bgo, C. Noriega, Changes in the ecosystem structure of the algae Sargassum in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Paris, France, 28 novembre - 2 décembre 2016

Djakouré, S., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, A. Hounsou-Gbo, and C. Noriega, Changes in the ecosystem structures of the Algae Sargassum in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 3-7 octobre 2016.

Ferreira, A., J. Servain, J. J. Carrasco, E. S. Olivas and L.V. Jacinto, A new dipole index for the tropical Atlantic from the PIRATA data set, Poster, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Paris, France, 28 novembre - 2 décembre 2016.

Guelly, C., B. Bourlès, Y. DuPenhoat, Etude de l'évolution des conditions hydro-météorologiques dans le sud-est du Golfe de Guinée à partir de données in situ, Journées de la Renaissance Scientifique de l'Afrique, Centre Béninois de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, ISBA-Cotonou, 28 juin 2016.

Habasque, J., B. Bourlès, É. Machu, P. Brehmer and A. Bertrand, First insights on the impact of hydrology and currents on the horizontal and vertical distributions of fish and macrozooplankton in the Eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Paris, France, 28 novembre - 2 décembre 2016.

Herbert, G., B. Bourlès, P. Penven, G. Cambon and J. Grelet; The upper layer circulation in the Gulf of Guinea revisited from in situ data and a high resolution numerical model, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Paris, France, 28 novembre - 2 décembre 2016

Herbert, G., B. Bourlès, P. Penven, J. Grelet, The upper layer circulation in the Gulf of Guinea revisited from in situ data and a high resolution numerical model. Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 3-7 octobre 2016.

Hounsou-Gbo, G. A., J. Servain, M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, D. Veleda, Tropical Atlantic indices for forecasting seasonal rainfall along the coastal part of Brazilian northeast, Journées de la Renaissance Scientifique de l'Afrique, Centre Béninois de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, ISBA-Cotonou, 28 juin 2016.

Imbol Koungue, R. A., S. Illig and M. Rouault, Role of Interannual Kelvin wave propagations in the equatorial Atlantic on the Angola-Benguela current system, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Paris, France, 28 novembre - 2 décembre 2016.

Lefèvre N., D. Veleda, M. Araujo, G. Caniaux. Quantifying the air-sea CO2 flux at a time-series in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic. EGU General Assembly, Vienne, Autriche, 17-22 Avril 2016.

Meynadier R., G. de Coetlogon, and J. Jouanno. The regional coupled system WRF-NEMO (OCATA) over the Tropical Atlantic: impact of the regional coupled processes on the surface heat and water budget. EGU General Assembly, Vienne, Autriche, 17-22 Avril 2016.

Nubi O. A., Bourlès, B., C.A. Edokpayi, and N. Hounkonnou, On the influence of equatorial upwelling on apparent oxygen utilization within the Gulf of Guinea equatorial band as inferred from in situ measurements, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 3-7 octobre 2016.

Bonou, F., M. Araujo, N. Lefèvre, C. Noriega: Variability of total alkalinity and total inorganic carbon in the western tropical Atlantic Ocean. 3rd International Symposium Effects of Climate Change on the World's Oceans, Santos City, Brazil, mars 2015.

Bourlès, B., M. Araujo, P. Brandt, E. Campos, H. Giordani, F. Hernandez, R. Lumpkin, M.PcPhaden, P. Nobre and R. Saravanan, an overview and highlights of PIRATA, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Bourlès, B.: Etat des lieux relatif aux programmes PIRATA, PREFACE et AtlantOS, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 5-9 octobre 2015.

Bourlès, B.: PIRATA French national report and status to PIRATA SSG, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Dengler, M., P. Brandt, M. McPhaden, B. Bourlès, R. Hummels, S. Thomsen, T. Fischer and G. Krahmann, Diurnal variability in the Atlantic cold tongue at 10°W; poster présenté à la conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Djakouré, S., P. Penven, B. Bourlès, J. Jackson-Veitch, and V. Kone, Inertial terms effects on the ocean dynamics in the tropical Atlantic, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 5-9 octobre 2015.

Djakouré, S., P. Penven, B. Bourlès, J. Jackson-Veitch, and V. Kone, Inertial terms effects on the ocean dynamics in the tropical Atlantic, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Giordani, H., G. Caniaux, and A. Voldoire, Why is there a front north of the Atlantic Cold Tongue?, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Habasque, J., B. Bourlès, E. Machu, and P. Brehmer, Multifrequency acoustics measurements during the PIRATA FR25 cruise in the Eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean, International conference ICAWA; the AWA project : ecosystem approach to the management of fisheries and the marine environment in West African waters, Dakar, Sénégal, 17-19 novembre 2015.

Habasque, J., B. Bourlès, E. Machu, and P. Brehmer, Multifrequency acoustics measurements during the PIRATA FR25 cruise in the Eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean, poster présenté à la conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Herbert G., B. Bernard, J. Grelet, G. Cambon, and P. Penven, New insight on the upper layer circulation in the Gulf of Guinea. conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Herbert G., B. Bourlès, G. Cambon, and P. Penven, New insight on the upper layer circulation in the Gulf of Guinea, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 5-9 octobre 2015.

Hounsou-Gbo, G. A., J. Servain, M. Araújo, E.S. Martins, B. Bourlès, and G. Caniaux ; Oceanic Indices to Forecast the Seasonal Rainfall over the Northern Northeast of Brazil, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Hounsou-Gbo, G.A., J. Servain, G. Caniaux, M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, and D. Veleda, Long-term variations of SST and heat content in the Atlantic Ocean, poster présenté à l'EGU General Assembly, Vienne-Autriche, 12-17 avril, 2015.

Hounsou-Gbo, G.A., J. Servain, M. Araujo, E.S. Martin, B. Bourlès, and G. Caniaux, Oceanic Indices to Forecast the Seasonal Rainfall over the Northern Northeast of Brazil, poster présenté au Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 5-9 octobre 2015.

Imbol Kougue, R.A., M. Rouault, and J. Jouanno, Warm and cold events in the southeast Atlantic Ocean. conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Jouanno J., and X. Capet, Mixing in the tropical Atlantic: the contribution of tides, intra-seasonal winds and equatorial dynamics. conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Koné, V., C; Lett, P. Penven, B. Bourlès, and S. Djakouré, An individual-based model study of Sardinella aurita early life history in the northern Gulf of Guinea, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Planton, Y., A. Voldoire, H. Giordani and G. Caniaux, Oceanic processes associated to the interannual variability of the Atlantic Cold Tongue. conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Servain, J., A. Geraldo Ferreira, D. Gomes, G. Caniaux and L. V. Jacinto, Recent climatic trends in the tropical Atlantic: Further analyses from the Servain's data base, poster présenté à la conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Servain, J., G. Caniaux, A. Hounso-Gbo, Y. Kouadio, M.J. McPhaden, et M. Araujo : Origin of the recent tropical Atlantic SST warming : the role of ocean dynamics, ?Our Common Future under Climate Change conference? UNESCO Paris, juillet 2015.

Tchamabi, C.C., M. Araujo, M.Silva, and B. Bourlès, Investigating wake effects around two Brazilian islands in tropical Atlantic: Fernando de Noronha and Atoldas Rocas, poster présenté au Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 5-9 octobre 2015.

Toualy, E., F. Marin, A. Aman, and B. Bourlès, Interannual variability of the boreal Summer upwelling along the northern coast of Gulf of Guinea, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Yandjimain, J., G. Alory, G. H. Houngue, and Y. duPenhoat, Evaluation of oceanic models in the Gulf of Guinea, poster présenté à la conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

Araujo, M., Bourlès, B., E. Campos, H. Giordani, F. Hernandez, R. Lumpkin, M. J. McPhaden, P. Nobre, R. Saravanan, Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic - PIRATA, BILAT-US2.0 Workshop: Atlantic Ocean research, Rome (Italie), 6 octobre 2014.

Bonou, F., M. Araujo, N. Lefèvre: Distribution of CO2 parameters in the Western Tropical Atlantic Ocean; Meeting PIRATA 19 19 / TAV / OceanSITES / Brazil-EU Dialogues, Porto de Galinhas, Brésil, 3-8 novembre 2014.

Bourlès, B., An overall presentation of PIRATA to OceanSITES, Meeting PIRATA 19 / TAV / OceanSITES / Brazil-EU Dialogues, Porto de Galinhas, Brésil, 3-8 novembre 2014.

Bourlès, B., and R. Meynadier, An overview of the EU PREFACE project and related in situ operations, Meeting PIRATA 19 / TAV / OceanSITES / Brazil-EU Dialogues, Porto de Galinhas, Brésil, 3-8 novembre 2014.

Bourlès, B.: Observations hauturières et analyses dans le Golfe de Guinée : état des lieux relatif aux programmes PIRATA et PREFACE, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 13-17 octobre 2014.

Bourlès, B.: PIRATA French national report and status, Meeting PIRATA 19 19 / TAV / OceanSITES / Brazil-EU Dialogues, Porto de Galinhas, Brésil, 3-8 novembre 2014.

Dengler, M. and B. Bourlès, Status of the PREFACE WP3 ?Heat and freshwater budgets, air-sea interaction ?, 2014 General Assembly of PREFACE, Casablanca, Maroc, 28-31 octobre 2014.

Djakouré, S., B. Bourlès, P. Penven, J. Veitch and V. Koné, Numerical analysis of the oceanic circulation in the northern Gulf of Guinea, 2014 General Assembly of PREFACE, Casablanca, Maroc, 28-31 octobre 2014.

Djakouré, S., B. Bourlès, P. Penven, J. Veitch and V. Koné, Numerical analysis of the oceanic circulation in the northern Gulf of Guinea, Meeting PIRATA 19 / TAV / OceanSITES / Brazil-EU Dialogues, Porto de Galinhas, Brésil, 3-8 novembre 2014

Djakouré, S., P. Penven, B.Bourlès, J. Veitch and V. Koné, Coastal eddies in the north of the Gulf of Guinea, European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly, Vienne-Autriche, 27 avril-2 mai 2014.

Djakouré, S., P. Penven, B.Bourlès, J. Veitch and V. Koné, Numerical analysis of the oceanic circulation in the northern Gulf of Guinea, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 13-17 octobre 2014.

Giordani, H., and G. Caniaux : Lagrangian Sources of Frontogenesis in the Equatorial Atlantic Front, Meeting PIRATA 19 / TAV / OceanSITES / Brazil-EU Dialogues, Porto de Galinhas, Brésil, 3-8 novembre 2014.

Giordani, H., and G. Caniaux : Sources of frontogenesis in the Equatorial Atlantic front. European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly, Vienna (Austria), 27 Avril-2 Mai, 2014.

Hernandez, F., B. Meyssignac, D. Yehadji, and the ORA-IP GSOP Group, Tropical Atlantic Sea Level variability from ocean reanalysis over the past two Decades, Meeting PIRATA 19 / TAV / OceanSITES / Brazil-EU Dialogues, Porto de Galinhas, Brésil, 3-8 novembre 2014.

Hounsou-gbo, G.A., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, J. Servain and D. Veleda, Tropical Atlantic contributions to rainfall variability along the Northeast Brazilian coast, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 13-17 octobre 2014.

Hounsou-gbo, G.A., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, J. Servain and D. Veleda, Tropical Atlantic contributions to rainfall variability along the Northeast Brazilian coast, Meeting PIRATA 19 / TAV / OceanSITES / Brazil-EU Dialogues, Porto de Galinhas, Brésil, 3-8 novembre 2014.

Koné V., P. Penven, B. Bourlès, S. Djakouré and Y. du Penhoat, ROMS model sensibility to different atmospheric forcings in the Gulf of Guinea, 2014 General Assembly of PREFACE, Casablanca, Maroc, 28-31 octobre 2014

Lefèvre, N., D. Veleda, G. Caniaux, and M. Araujo, Observed variability and trends of CO2 parameters at the PIRATA mooring at 6°S, 10°W, Meeting PIRATA 19 / TAV / OceanSITES / Brazil-EU Dialogues, Porto de Galinhas, Brésil, 3-8 novembre 2014.

Papapostolou, A., W. Johns, P. Brandt, and J. Jouanno, Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent transport and its relation to seasonal Upwelling, Meeting PIRATA 19 / TAV / OceanSITES / Brazil-EU Dialogues, Porto de Galinhas, Brésil, 3-8 novembre 2014

Servain, J., G. Caniaux, Y. Kouadio, M.J. McPhaden, et M. Araujo: Récente tendance climatique dans l'Atlantique tropical : rôle de la dynamique océanique ? XXVIIe Colloque de l'Association Internationale de Climatologie (AIC) 2014, Dijon (France), 2-5 juillet 2014.

Toualy, E., F. Marin, A. Aman and B. Bourlès, Interannual Variability of the Boreal Summer Upwelling along the Northern Coast of the Gulf of Guinea, Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 13-17 octobre 2014.

de Coëtlogon, G., R. Meynadier, C. Flamant, B. Bourlès and H. Giordani, Low-level atmospheric circulation (LLAC) in the eastern Tropical Atlantic : gathering in-situ observations, 2014 General Assembly of PREFACE, Casablanca, Maroc, 28-31 octobre 2014.

McPhaden, M.J., K. Ando, B. Bourlès, and S. McArthur (2014) : Research and operational achievements of TAO/TRITON; TPOS-2020, Scripps Inst. Of Oceanogr., 27 janvier 2014

Lefevre N., P. Tyaquica, D. Veleda and C. Perruche, Amazon River propagation evidenced by a CO2 decrease at 8oN, 38oW in September 2013. ICOS conference, Roscoff, 26 novembre 2019.

Araujo, M., N. Lefevre, C. Noriega, R. Araujo. The INCT AmbTropic: a new CO2 observing network in the Western Tropical Atlantic (poster), Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) 2nd international workshop, St Andrews, Ecosse, 24-26 July 2013

Bourlès, B.: PIRATA French national report and status, ISSG Meeting PIRATA 18, Venise, Italie, 25 octobre 2013.

Da Allada Y. C., G. Alory, Y. DuPenhoat, J.Jouanno, and N. Hounkonnou, Causes for the recent increase in sea surface salinity in the northeastern Gulf of Guinea, (poster) Tropical Atlantic Variability / Pirata 18 meeting, Venise, Italie, 22-25 octobre 2013.

Giordani, H., G. Caniaux, and A. Voldoire, Which mechanisms control the Atlantic Cold Tongue formation, Tropical Atlantic Variability / Pirata 18 meeting, Venise, Italie, 22-25 octobre 2013.

Kolodziejczyk, N., F.Marin, B.Bourlès, Y.Gouriou, and H. Berger, Seasonal variability of the equatorial undercurrent termination and associated salinity maximum in the Gulf of Guinea, Colloque régional JEAI ALOC-GG, Cotonou, Bénin, novembre 2013

Kolodziejczyk, N., F.Marin, B.Bourlès, Y.Gouriou, and H. Berger, Seasonal variability of the equatorial undercurrent termination and associated salinity maximum in the Gulf of Guinea, Tropical Atlantic Variability / Pirata 18 meeting, Venise, Italie, 22-25 octobre 2013.

Lefevre, N., and M. Araujo, Tropical specific issues (Invitée), Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) 2nd international workshop, St Andrews, Ecosse, 24-26 July 2013

Papapostolou, A., W.E. Johns, P. Brandt and B. Bourlès. Seasonal Dynamics and Mass Balance of the Equatorial Undercurrent, Tropical Atlantic Variability / Pirata 18 meeting, Venise, Italie, 22-25 octobre 2013.

Perez, R.C., R. Lumpkin, V. Hormann, P. Brandt, W.E. Johns, F. Hernandez , C. Schmid, and B. Bourlès, Observed mean meridional currents at 23°W and 10°W, Tropical Atlantic Variability / Pirata 18 meeting, Venise, Italie, 22-25 octobre 2013.

Planton, Y., H. Giordani, A. Voldoire, G. Caniaux, Interannual variability of the Atlantic Cold Tongue (poster) Tropical Atlantic Variability / Pirata 18 meeting, Venise, Italie, 22-25 octobre 2013.

Veleda, D., C. Noriega, M. Araujo, F. Hernandez and R. Montagne, The influence mapping of the Amazon River discharge in the tropical Atlantic (poster) , Tropical Atlantic Variability / Pirata 18 meeting, Venise, Italie, 22-25 octobre 2013.

Bourlès, B. (invité): Observations in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean: goals, status and perspectives, conférence "Tropical Ocean: Challenges of the 21st Century"; UFPE, Recife/Brasil, 11 Décembre, 2012.

Bourlès, B., C. Akuetevi, F. Bonou, F. Hernandez, G. Alory, R. Chuchla, and J. Grelet, New insights on the upper circulation in the north of the Gulf of Guinea, Tropical Atlantic Variability / Pirata 17 meeting, Kiel, Germany, 10-14 septembre 2012.

Bourlès, B., C. Akuetevi, F. Bonou, F. Hernandez, G. Alory, R. Chuchla, and J. Grelet, The upper layer circulation in the north of the Gulf of Guinea revisited, Colloque régional « Analyses Littorales, Océaniques et Climatiques au Nord du Golfe de Guinée », Cotonou, Bénin, novembre 2012.

Caniaux, G., H. Giordani, J.-L. Redelsperger, and M. Wade: Role of vertical velocities in the cooling of the Atlantic cold tongue. European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly, Vienna, 23-27 April 2012.

Caniaux, G., H. Giordani, J.-L. Redelsperger, and M. Wade: Role of vertical velocities in the cooling of the Atlantic cold tongue. Tropical Atlantic Variability Meeting / PIRATA-17 Meeting, Kiel (Germany), 10-14 September 2012.

Da Allada, C., G.Alory, Y.du Penhoat, E. Kestenare, F. Durand and N. Hounkonnou, Seasonal mixed-layer salinity balance in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, 4ème conference international AMMA, Toulouse, 2-6 juillet 2012

Giordani, H., G. Caniaux, and A. Voldoire, 2012: Intraseasonal mixed layer heat budget in the Equatorial Atlantic during the cold tongue development in 2006. Tropical Atlantic Variability Meeting / PIRATA-17 Meeting, Kiel (Germany), 10-14 September 2012.

Hormann, V., R. Perez, R. Lumpkin, P. Brandt, W. Johns, F. Hernandez, C. Schmid, and B. Bourlès, of the Atlantic cold tongue and meridional flow within the tropical cells, Tropical Atlantic Variability / Pirata 17 meeting, Kiel, Germany, 10-14 septembre 2012.

Hounsou-gbo, G.A., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, and D. Veleda, Tropical Atlantic dynamics and the impacts on the rainfall variability in the eastern northeast Brazil, Symposium international ?Climate Change, Impacts and Vulnerabiliies in Brazil? Natal (Brésil), 27 mai-1er juin 2012.

Hummels, R., M. Dengler, and B. Bourlès, About the contribution of the diapycnal heat flux to the heat budget of the mixed layer, Tropical Atlantic Variability / Pirata 17 meeting, Kiel, Germany, 10-14 septembre 2012.

Johns, B., P. Brandt, B. Bourlès, A. Tantet, and T. Papapostolou, Zonal structure and seasonal variability of the Equatorial Undercurrent during TACE, Tropical Atlantic Variability / Pirata 17 meeting, Kiel, Germany, 10-14 septembre 2012.

Lefèvre, N., G. Caniaux, and S. Janicot, 2012: air-sea CO2 flux anomalies in the tropical Atlantic in Spring 2010. Tropical Atlantic Variability Meeting / PIRATA-17 Meeting, Kiel (Germany), 10-14 September 2012.

Servain, J., Y. Kouadio, and G. Caniaux, 2012: Recent climatic trends in the tropical Atlantic. Tropical Atlantic Variability Meeting / PIRATA-17 Meeting, Kiel (Germany), 10-14 September 2012.

Wade, M., G. Caniaux, and Y. duPenhoat, 2012 : Oceanic mixed layer heat budget in the eastern equatorial Atlantic from ARGO floats. Fourth AMMA International Conference 2012, Toulouse, 2-6 July 2012.

Giordani, H., and G. Caniaux, 2011: A diagnostic of the vertical velocity for the equatorial Atlantic. European Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, Berlin (Germany), 12-16 September, 2011.

Wade, M., G. Caniaux, and Y. du Penhoat, Oceanic mixed layer heat budget in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic from ARGO floats and PIRATA moorings, Meeting PIRATA 16/ Tace / Clivar Atlantic de Fernando de Noronha,Brésil, mars 2011.

Araujo, M., N. Lefèvre, M. Silva, C. Noriega, and N. Bouchonneau, Seasonal variability of Tropical Atlantic air-sea CO2 exchange with a high resolution ocean modeling system, Meeting PIRATA 1/ Tace / Clivar Atlantic 6 de Fernando de Noronha,Brésil, mars 2011.

Bourlès, B. : PIRATA French national report and status, Meeting PIRATA 1/ Tace / Clivar Atlantic 6 de Fernando de Noronha,Brésil, mars 2011.

Bourlès, B., Some works carried out in West Africa (linked to PIRATA): PROPAO, JEAI ALOC-GG and Regional Master 2 in Physical Oceanography and Appications in Cotonou (Benin), Meeting PIRATA 16 de Fernando de Noronha,Brésil, mars 2011.

Bourlès,B., R. Lumpkin, P. Nobre, M.J. McPhaden, F. Hernandez, H. Giordani, D. Urbano, M. Araujo, R. Saravanan, P. Brandt, and M. Rouault: The PIRATA Observing System in the Tropical Atlantic: Accomplishments and Perspectives; poster présenté au WCRP Open Science Conference: ?Climate Research in Service to Society?; Denver/Colorado, USA, 24-28 octobre 2011.

Burls, N., C. Reason, P. Penven and G.Philander, Similarities between the Tropical Atlantic Seasonal Cycle and ENSO: an Energetics Perspective, Meeting PIRATA 16/ Tace / Clivar Atlantic de Fernando de Noronha,Brésil, mars 2011.

Diakhate, M., A. Lazar, G. de Coetlogon, and A.T. Gaye, Local interactions between Sea Surface Temperature and Winds in the Tropical Atlantic at intraseasonal timescales, Meeting PIRATA 16/ Tace / Clivar Atlantic de Fernando de Noronha,Brésil, mars 2011.

Giordani, H., The Atlantic Cold Tongue and the African Monsoon: are they coupled? Meeting PIRATA 16/ Tace / Clivar Atlantic de Fernando de Noronha,Brésil, mars 2011.

Hernandez, F., Using Mercator simulations to address additional salinity sensor impact (on existing moorings) for operational oceanography, Meeting PIRATA 16/ Tace/Clivar Atlantic de Fernando de Noronha,Brésil, mars 2011.

Jouanno, J., F. Marin, Y. Du Penhoat, J. Sheinbaum, and J.M. Molines: Seasonal modes of surface cooling in the Gulf of Guinea. Présentation orale au Meeting PIRATA 16 / Tace / Clivar Atlantic, Fernando de Noronha, Brésil, mars 2011.

Jouanno, J., F. Marin, Y. du Penhoat, J. Sheinbaum, and J.-M. Molines,Intraseasonal modulation of the surface cooling in the Gulf of Guinea. Poster présenté à l?AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, USA, 2011.

Lefèvre, N., L. Merlivat, D. Urbano, F. Gallois, and D. Diverrès : CO2 and O2 variability from PIRATA moorings and cruises, Meeting PIRATA 16/ Tace / Clivar Atlantic de Fernando de Noronha,Brésil, mars 2011.

McPhaden, M.J., K. Ando, B. Bourlès, H.P. Freitag, R.Lumpkin, Y. Masumoto, V. S. N. Murty, M. Ravichandran, J. Vialard, D. Vousden, and W. Yu: Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array; poster présenté au WCRP Open Science Conference: ?Climate Research in Service to Society?; Denver/Colorado, USA, 24-28 octobre 2011.

Redelsperger, J.L., B. Bourlès, P. Brandt, G. Caniaux, G. de Coëtlogon, H. Giordani, M. Leduc-Leballeur, F. Marin, Y. DuPenhoat, C. Thorncroft, A. Voldoire and M. Wade, 2011: Ocean-Atmosphere interactions in the Gulf of Guinea: AMMA Phase 1 perspective. CLIVAR Atlantic Workshop, Miami (Florida), U.S.A., 23-25 March 2011.

Servain, J., Relationships between large-scale ocean-atmosphere conditions over the tropical Atlantic and heavy rainfall episodes in the Eastern Northeast Brazil, Meeting PIRATA 16/ Tace / Clivar Atlantic de Fernando de Noronha,Brésil, mars 2011.

Silva, M.A., M. Araujo, D. Veleda, and Jacques Servain, Salinity-induced mixed and barrier layers in the southwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean, Meeting PIRATA 16/ Tace / Clivar Atlantic de Fernando de Noronha,Brésil, mars 2011.

Wade, M., G. Caniaux, and Y. DuPenhoat, 2011 : Oceanic mixed layer heat budget in the eastern equatorial Atlantic using ARGO floats and PIRATA buoys. European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, 3-8 April 2011.

Cintra, M.M., C. Lentini, J. Servain, M. Silva, M. Araújo and E. Marone, Extreme Interannual Evolution of the Tropical Atlantic Warm Pools: 2010-2012, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Giordani, H., P. Peyrillé, A. Vasconcelos, and J. Jouanno, Water and Energy Budgets in the Tropical Atlantic during June 2010, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Nogueira Neto, A.V., H. Giordani and P. Peyrillet, Precipitation distribution over the Tropical Atlantic during June 2010, Poster, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Bourlès, B. : International programs in the Gulf of Guinea : oceanography and climate. Colloque international ?Résultats et Prospectives de recherches océanographiques en Afrique dédiés à l?Atlantique tropical et au Golfe de Guinée », Cotonou, Bénin, 25-29 octobre 2010.

Bourlès, B. : Les réseaux d'observations en Atlantique tropical : Etat des lieux et perspectives ; Workshop « Environnement et modélisation », ESP/UCAD, Sénégal, 20-26 mai 2010.

Bourlès, B., with inputs by A. Vogel : On research and capacity building related to physical oceanography and climate in West Africa, Meeting ?Tropical Atlantic Variability; TACE/AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA?, de Miami (USA), 2-5 mars 2010.

Dengler, M., M., J. Schafstall, J. Toole, D. Banyte, B. Bourlès, R. Hummels, On the parameterization of mixing processes at the equator Meeting ?Tropical Atlantic Variability; TACE/AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA?, Miami, 2-5 mars 2010.

Jouanno, J., Du Penhoat, Y. & Marin, F. 2010. The equatorial cold tongue in November-December in the Tropical Atlantic: mechanisms and variability. ?Tropical Atlantic Variability; TACE/AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA?, Miami, 2-5 mars, 2010.

Jouanno, J., Y.DuPenhoat, F. Marin, J. Sheinbaum et J.M. Molines, Seasonal heat balance in the upper 100 m of the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, Colloque international ?Résultats et Prospectives de recherches océanographiques en Afrique dédiés à l?Atlantique tropical et au Golfe de Guinée », Cotonou, Bénin, 25-29 octobre 2010.

Kolodziejczyk, N., Y.Gouriou, F.Marin and B.Bourlès: Equatorial undercurrent termination in the Gulf of Guinea, Meeting ?Tropical Atlantic Variability; TACE/AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA?, de Miami( USA), 2-5 mars 2010.

Rhein, M., M. Dengler, J. Sueltenfuss, R. Hummels, S. Huettl-Kabus, and B. Bourlès, Upwelling and associated heat flux in the Equatorial Atlantic inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium, EUG General Assembly, SOLAS session OS3, 2010.

Wade, M., G. Caniaux, and Y. DuPenhoat, 2010 : Oceanic mixed layer heat budget in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic from ARGO floats. European Meteorological Society (EMS) Annual Meeting, Zürich, Zwitzerland, 13-17 September 2010.

Wade, M., Y. DuPenhoat et G.Caniaux, Oceanic mixed layer heat budget in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic from ARGO floats, Colloque international ?Résultats et Prospectives de recherches océanographiques en Afrique dédiés à l?Atlantique tropical et au Golfe de Guinée », Cotonou, Bénin, 25-29 octobre 2010.

Bourlès, B. : Quelques résultats scientifiques obtenus à partir des observations lors des campagnes océanographiques EGEE/AMMA & PIRATA. Colloque « Recherche et Formation en Océanographie au sein des Universités d?Afrique de l?Ouest » de Cotonou (Bénin), 2-6 novembre 2009.

Bourlès, B., Revue des principaux résultats scientifiques récents obtenus dans le cadre des programmes internationaux et régionaux PIRATA, EGEE/AMMA et PROPAO, 2nd atelier régional du programme PROPAO, Cotonou, 12-15 mai 2009.

Bourlès, B., Revue des programmes internationaux dans l?Atlantique Tropical Est et le Golfe de Guinée et des principaux résultats scientifiques récents obtenus dans le cadre de PIRATA, EGEE/AMMA et PROPAO: Réunion nationale du programme régional PROPAO, Université de Cocody (Côte d?Ivoire), 26 février 2009.

Bourlès, B.: Observations in the GG: an overview (PIRATA, EGEE, PROPAO), Meeting ?Tropical Atlantic Variability; TACE/AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA?, de Toulouse, 2-6 février 2009.

Brandt, P., W.E. Johns, B. Bourlès, M. Dengler, Marcus, G. Caniaux, G. Goni, R. Lumpkin, C. Reason, M. Rouault, Variability of the equatorial Atlantic cold tongue, OceanObs?2009 Conference, Venice (Italy), 21-25 septembre 2009

Charria, G., F. Marin, Y. du Penhoat, B. Bourlès, L. Testut, N. Rousseau, P. Téchiné and L. Roblou: Interannual variability of sea level anomalies in the Gulf of Guinea close to the São Tomé Island, Meeting ?Tropical Atlantic Variability; TACE/AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA?, de Toulouse, 2-6 février 2009.

Dengler, M., and R. Hummels, with coll. of B.Bourlès, D. Banyte, P. Brandt & J. Toole: Diapycnal mixing and turbulent heat flux in the central and eastern tropical Atlantic, Meeting ?Tropical Atlantic Variability; TACE/AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA?, de Toulouse, 2-6 février 2009.

Giordani, H., G. Caniaux, and M. Wade: On the formation of the Atlantic Cold Tongue in the Gulf of Guinea during the AMMA/EGEE-3 experiment. 3rd International AMMA Conference, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 20-24 July, 2009.

Bourlès, B. : Status of PIRATA in France, 2009 works and perspectives, Meeting PIRATA 15 de Miami (USA), 5 mars 2010.

Rouault, M., J. Servain, C. Reason, B. Bourlès, M. Rouault and N. Fauchereau, The Extension of PIRATA in the Tropical South East Atlantic: A First One-Year Successful Experiment, Meeting ?Tropical Atlantic Variability; TACE/AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA?, de Toulouse, 2-6 février 2009.

Wade, M., G. Caniaux, Y. duPenhoat, and H. Giordani, 2009 : Response of the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean to wind forcing anomalies. European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 20-24 April, 2009.

Wade, M., Y. DuPenhoat, G. Caniaux, and H. Giordani: Response of the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean to wind forcing anomalies. 3rd International AMMA Conference, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 20-24 July, 2009.

Bourlès, B., A.J. Busalacchi, E. Campos, F. Hernandez, R. Lumpkin, M.J. McPhaden, A. Divino Moura, P. Nobre, S. Planton, J. Servain, J. Trotte, L. Yu, and M. Araujo, 2008. The PIRATA Program: History, Accomplishments, and Future Directions, oral presentation during the PIRATA-13 Meeting, Natal, Brazil, February 18 - 22, 2008.

Bourras, D., G. Caniaux , L. Eymard, A. Weill, H. Branger, JP. Giovanangeli, B. Bourlès, and D. Hauser, Contribution of the French Turbulent Sea Flux Group to Hymex, 2nd International Hymex Workshop, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France, 2-4 juin 2008.

Bourlès, B., Status of PIRATA in France, 2008 works and perspectives, Meeting PIRATA 14 de Toulouse, 2 Février 2009.

Caniaux, G., F.Guichard, D.Bourras, E.Key, H.Giordani, A.Weill and B. Bourlès, Evaluation of sea surface flux fields from NWP models, poster présenté à l?EGU General Assembly, Vienne-Autriche, 21-25 Avril 2008.

Hernandez, F., B. Bourlès, and S. Planton. PIRATA: French National Report and Status, Oral presentation during the PIRATA-13 Meeting (PIRATA), Natal, Brazil, February 18 - 22, 2008.

Hernandez, F., N. Ferry, M. Drévillon, J.-M. Lellouche, and M. Group. Tropical Atlantic Dynamics from the Mercator global operational system, Oral presentation during the PIRATA-13 Meeting (PIRATA), Natal, Brazil, February 18 - 22, 2008.

Athié de Velasco, G., F. Marin, A.M. Tréguier, and B.Bourlès, Intra-seasonal variability in the upper layers of the Tropical Atlantic ocean from sensitivity numerical simulations forced by different Wind fields, poster pendant la 2nde conférence internationale AMMA de Karlsruhe (Allemagne), associée au meeting AMMA-Océan/PIRATA :TACE-CLIVAR, 26-30 Novembre 2007.

Athié de Velasco, G., F. Marin, and B.Bourlès, Spatial structure of intra-seasonnal variability in the Tropical Atlantic, poster pendant la 2nde conférence internationale AMMA de Karlsruhe (Allemagne), associée au meeting AMMA-Océan/PIRATA :TACE-CLIVAR, 26-30 Novembre 2007.

Dengler, M., B.Bourlès, J.Schafstall, J.Fischer, P.Brandt, and J.Toole, Upper Ocean diapycnal heat flux a,d mixing processes in the central and eastern Tropical Atlantic, poster pendant la 2nde conférence internationale AMMA de Karlsruhe (Allemagne), associée au meeting AMMA-Océan/PIRATA :TACE-CLIVAR, 26-30 Novembre 2007.

Funk, A., Y. Gouriou, F. Marin, P. Brandt, and B.Bourlès, Intermediate depth zonal circulation in the Gulf of Guinea, poster pendant la 2nde conférence internationale AMMA de Karlsruhe (Allemagne), associée au meeting AMMA-Océan/PIRATA :TACE-CLIVAR, 26-30 Novembre 2007.

Hormann, V., P. Brandt, J.Fischer, and B.Bourlès, Atlantic Equatorial UnderCurrent variability and Equatorial Waves, poster pendant la 2nde conférence internationale AMMA de Karlsruhe (Allemagne), associée au meeting AMMA-Océan/PIRATA :TACE-CLIVAR, 26-30 Novembre 2007.

Rouault, M., J.Servain, C.Reason, B.Bourlès, A.Lazar, and N.Fauchereau, The extension of PIRATA in the Tropical South East Atlantic : a first one-year successfull experiment ; présentation orale pendant la 2nde conférence internationale AMMA de Karlsruhe (Allemagne), associée au meeting AMMA-Océan/PIRATA :TACE-CLIVAR, 26-30 Novembre 2007.

Bourlès, B., A. J. Busalacchi, E. Campos, F. Hernandez, R. Lumpkin, M. J. McPhaden, A.D. Moura, P. Nobre, S. Planton, J. Servain, J. Trotte, L. Yu, and M. Araujo, The PIRATA Program: History, Accomplishments, and Future Directions, oral presentation during the 2nd international AMMA conference at Karlsruhe (Germany), joint AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA/TACE-CLIVAR meeting, 26-30 November 2007.

Bourlès, B., Presentation of the AMMA & PIRATA programs + status and perspective of in situ sustained observations in the tropical Atlantic, présentation orale au workshop "TENATSO / SOLAS: Cape Verde Observatory Workshop: integrated long term ocean-atmosphere observations in the tropical Atlantic" (invité), Mindelo (Cap-Vert), 8-10 janvier, 2007.

Caniaux, G., F. Guichard, D.Bourras, E.Key, H.Giordani, and B.Bourlès, Evaluation of sea surface flux fields from NWP models in the Gulf of Guinea, oral presentation during the 2nd international AMMA conference at Karlsruhe (Germany), joint AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA/TACE-CLIVAR meeting, 26-30 November 2007.

Giordani, H., D.Bourras, E.Key, and G.Caniaux ; The marine atmospheric boundary layer during EGEE : how does it work ?, poster pendant la 2nde conférence internationale AMMA de Karlsruhe (Allemagne), associée au meeting AMMA-Océan/PIRATA :TACE-CLIVAR, 26-30 Novembre 2007.

Giordani, H., and G. Caniaux, Implementation of a Limited Area Oceanic Model in the Gulf of Guinea, oral presentation during the 2nd international AMMA conference at Karlsruhe (Germany), joint AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA/TACE-CLIVAR meeting, 26-30 November 2007.

Hernandez, F., N. Ferry, R. Bourdallé-Badie, M. Drévillon, L. Crosnier, E. Greiner, C.-E. Testut, and M. Group. Tropical Atlantic Dynamics from the Mercator global operational system, (Oral). In AMMA Second International Conference, Karlsruhe, Germany, November 26-29, 2007.

Key , E., G. Caniaux, A. Weill, D. Bourras, L. Eymard, D. Legain,, and B. Bourlès, Overview of air¬sea interactions from the EGEE3/AMMA cruise, poster présenté à l?EGU General Assembly, Vienne-Autriche, 16-20 Avril 2007.

Kolodziejczyk, K, B. Bourlès, and F. Marin, Long waves and seasonal circulation in the Tropical Atlantic, poster pendant la 2nde conférence internationale AMMA de Karlsruhe (Allemagne), associée au meeting AMMA-Océan/PIRATA :TACE-CLIVAR, 26-30 Novembre 2007.

Kolodziejczyk, K, B. Bourlès, and F. Marin, Seasonal analysis of the Equatorial Undercurrent at 10°W, poster présenté à l?EGU General Assembly, Vienne-Autriche, 16-20 Avril 2007.

Kolodziejczyk, N., B. Bourlès, and F. Marin, Variability of the Termination of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the Gulf of Guinea, oral presentation during the 2nd international AMMA conference at Karlsruhe (Germany), joint AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA/TACE-CLIVAR meeting, 26-30 November 2007.

Kouadio, G., N. Metzl, and C. Brunet, New distributions of carbon parameters during boreal summer in Gulf of Guinea from cruise EGEE 1, oral presentation during the 2nd international AMMA conference at Karlsruhe (Germany), joint AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA/TACE-CLIVAR meeting, 26-30 November 2007.

Peter, A.C., Oceanic Mixed Layer Temperature Variability in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic, oral presentation during the 2nd international AMMA conference at Karlsruhe (Germany), joint AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA/TACE-CLIVAR meeting, 26-30 November 2007.

Nobre, P., B. Bourlès, and R. Lumpkin, The PIRATA project: highlights during 2007-2008, présentation orale au Meeting CLIVAR-ATLANTIC Steering Panel, Woods-Hole (USA), 18-19 septembre 2008.

Johns, B., P. Brandt, A. Funk and B.Bourlès, Zonal Variations of the Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent during 2007-2011, Ocean Sciences Meeting, Salt Lake City, USA, 20-24 février 2012.

Athié de Velasco, G., F. Marin & B.Bourlès, Variability of Intra-seasonal waves in the equatorial Atlantic, présentation orale au meeting TACE (Tropical Atlantic Variability - Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment),Paris, Unesco, 18-20 octobre 2006.

Bentamy, A., L-H. Ayina, D. Croize-Fillon: Remotely sensed air-sea fluxes, présentation orale au AMMA International Meeting on SOPs debriefing and preparation of process studies, Toulouse, 6-10 novembre 2006.:I

Bourlès, B., Y. du Penhoat , F.Marin, Y.Gouriou, G.Caniaux et al., In situ observations in the eastern tropical Atlantic: status and prospectives, présentation orale au meeting TACE (Tropical Atlantic Variability - Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment),Paris, Unesco, 18-20 octobre 2006.

Bourlès, B., and C.Schmid, Presentation of the AMMA program and linked international programs in the eastern tropical Atlantic, présentation orale au workshop "Argo capacity building for Western Africa", Accra (Ghana), 5-7 décembre, 2006.

Bourlès, B., and F. Marin, Oceanographic studies carried out in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic and the Gulf of Guinea, communication orale au séminaire ODINAFRICA, Ostende (Belgique), 24 avril 2006.

Brandt, P., F.A. Schott, C. Provost, A. Kartavtseff, V. Hormann, B. Bourlès, and J. Fischer, Circulation in the central equatorial Atlantic: Mean and intraseasonal to seasonal variability, communication orale à l?European Geophysical Union General Assembly, Vienne, 3 avril 2006.

Brandt, P., V. Hormann, B.Bourlès & J.Fischer, Zonal flow in the equatorial Atlantic and its relation to the cold tongue, présentation orale au meeting TACE (Tropical Atlantic Variability - Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment), Paris, Unesco, 18-20 octobre 2006.

Bunge, L., C.Provost, A.Kartavtseff and B. Bourlès: Comparison of Current Variability at 10º W and 23º W on the Equator, poster présenté à l?American Geophysical Union Ocean Sciences Meeting, EOS-Trans. AGU 87(36), Honolulu-Hawaï (USA), 20-24 février 2006.

Dengler, M., B. Bourlès, and J. Toole, Deep diurnal cycle turbulence due to Tropical Instability Waves in the Atlantic at 10?W, communication orale à l?European Geophysical Union General Assembly, Vienne, 3 avril 2006.

Dengler, M., in collaboration with J.Schafstall, J.G.Fischer, B.Bourlès & D.Banyte, Upper ocean mixing processes in the equatorial Atlantic during monsoon onset in 2006, présentation orale au meeting TACE (Tropical Atlantic Variability - Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment), Paris, Unesco, 18-20 octobre 2006.

Kolodziejczyk, N., & B.Bourlès: Observation of the Atlantic Equatorial UnderCurrent at 10°W, présentation orale au meeting TACE (Tropical Atlantic Variability - Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment), Paris, Unesco, 18-20 octobre 2006.

Peter, A.C., F. Marin, and Y. Du Penhoat: Mixed layer heat budget in the Equatorial Atlantic and interannual variability of the Equatorial Atlantic SST, présentation orale au AMMA International Meeting on SOPs debriefing and preparation of process studies, Toulouse, 6-10 novembre 2006.

Bourlès, B., F. Hernandez,, and S. Planton, Status of PIRATA in France, 2006-2008 works and perspectives, Meeting PIRATA 13 de Natal (Brésil), 22-25 Février 2008.

Giordani, H., G. Caniaux, and J.-L. Redelsperger : Mixed layer heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic during the cold tongue development in 2006. Fourth AMMA International Conference 2012, Toulouse, 2-6 July 2012.

Herbert G., and B. Bourlès, Impact of intraseasonal wind bursts on SST variability in the far eastern Tropical Atlantic. Focus on the mid-May 2005 event. Colloque régional TACCOVAR, Cotonou, Bénin, 25-29 septembre 2017.

Herbert G., and Bourlès, B.: Impact of intraseasonal wind bursts on SST variability in the far eastern Tropical Atlantic. Focus on the mid-May 2005 event, conférence PIRATA 22/PREFACE, Fortaleza, Brazil, 5-10 novembre 2017.

Marin, F., B. Bourlès and G. Caniaux, Seasonal evolution of the equatorial cold tongue in the Tropical Atlantic in 2005-2007, poster pendant la 2nde conférence internationale AMMA de Karlsruhe (Allemagne), associée au meeting AMMA-Océan/PIRATA :TACE-CLIVAR, 26-30 Novembre 2007.

Arhan, M., Treguier, A.M., Bourlès, B., and Michel, S., Diagnosing the annual cycle of the equatorial undercurrent in the Atlantic ocean from a general circulation model, Poster (EGU05-A-03458) EGU General Assembly, Vienne (Autriche), 24-29 Avril 2005.

Bentamy, A., L-H. Ayina, K. B. Katsaros, R. T. Pinker, and A. M. Mestas-Nuñez, Improved estimates of net air-sea fluxes over the tropical Atlantic ocean, poster présenté pendant le 1er congrès international AMMA de Dakar (Sénégal), 27 nov-2 déc. 2005.

Bourlès, B., Pirata status and links with TACE and AMMA; au congrès CLIVAR-US & TACE (invité), Miami (USA), Février 2005.

Ayina, Ludos-Hervé, A. Bentamy and A. M. Mestas-Nuñez , The impact of satellite winds and latent heat fluxes in a numerical simulation of the tropical ocean during 1996-1998, poster présenté pendant le 1er congrès international AMMA de Dakar (Sénégal), 27 nov-2 déc. 2005.

Bourlès, B. and P.Nobre, PIRATA: actual status and perspectives, Meeting CLIVAR-ATLANTIC Steering Panel, Venise (Italie), 20-21 octobre 2005.

Brandt, P., J. Fischer, F. Schott, V. Hormann, B. Bourlès, and C. Provost, Circulation variability in the central equatorial Atlantic, Meeting CLIVAR TAV/TACE (Tropical Atlantic Variability - Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment),Venise (Italie), 17-19 octobre 2005.

Brandt, P., J. Fischer, F. Schott, V. Hormann, B. Bourlès, and C. Provost, Circulation variability in the central equatorial Atlantic, présentation orale au Meeting CLIVAR TAV/TACE (Tropical Atlantic Variability - Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment),Venise (Italie), 17-19 octobre 2005.

Brandt. P., B. Bourlès, R.L. Molinari, G. Caniaux & A. Lazar, AMMA-TT6 Oceanic campaigns and measurements from open ocean, and AMMA-EU WP 2.2 Oceanic Processes, présentation orale au AMMA CIGIG AMMA meeting, Leeds (G.B.), juillet 2005.

Dengler, M., in collaboration with J. Schafstall, P. Brandt, B. Bourlès, and J. Toole, Diapycnal mixing processes in the eastern equatorial Atlantic and the Mauritanian upwelling region, présentation orale au Meeting CLIVAR-TAV/TACE (Tropical Atlantic Variability - Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment),Venise (Italie), 17-19 octobre 2005.

Grodsky S. A., J.A. Carton, C. Provost, J. Servain, J.A. Lorenzzetti et M. McPhaden : Tropical instability waves at 0°N-23°W in the Atlantic: A case study using PIRATA mooring data. U.S. CLIVAR Atlantic Science Conference, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science at the University of Miami, 31 January-2 February 2005.

Kolodziejczyk, N., Study of the variability of the Equatorial UnderCurrent transport at 10°W, présentation orale au Workshop thématique "AMMA-Europe (EU)", Biarritz, septembre 2005.

Kolodziejczyk, N., and B. Bourlès, The EUC termination in the Gulf of Guinea, présentation orale au Meeting PIRATA 11, Toulouse, 12-14 octobre 2005.

Kouadio, G., N. Metzl, and C.Brunet, Distribution des paramètres du CO2 océanique dans le Golf de Guinée : Nouvelles observations d?hiver boréal (BIOZAIRE III et PIRATA-FR12), poster présenté pendant le 1er congrès international AMMA de Dakar (Sénégal), 27 nov-2 déc. 2005.

Peter, A.C., M. Le Hénaff, Y. duPenhoat, C.E. Menkes, F. Marin, J. Vialard, G. Caniaux, and A. Lazar, 2005: A model study of the seasonal mixed layer heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic, Poster présenté à l?EGU General Assembly, Vienne (Autriche), 24-29 Avril 2005.

Provost, C., S. Arnault, N. Chouaib, L. Bunge, A. Kartavtseff, and E. Sultan : Interannual variability of the zonal sea surface slope anomaly, near surface current profiles and winds at the Equator in the Atlantic, oral presentation COSPAR meeting, Paris, June 2005.

Bourlès, B., Y. du Penhoat, Status of PIRATA in France, 2005-2006 works and perspectives, présentation orale au Meeting PIRATA 12, Miami, 1-3 novembre 2006.

Caniaux, G., B.Bourlès, F.Marin, E.Key, and H.Giordani, Cause of strong SST differences in 2005 and 2006 in the Gulf of Guinea, oral presentation (invited) during the 2nd international AMMA conference at Karlsruhe (Germany), joint AMMA-Ocean/PIRATA/TACE-CLIVAR meeting, 26-30 November 2007.

Bourlès, B., a) Le programme PIRATA : État des lieux, statut actuel et perspectives ; Meeting CLIVAR-TAV, KNMI-Utrecht (Pays-Bas), juin 2004.

Bunge, L., C. Provost, and A. Kartavtseff: Structure of deep horizontal velocities in the tropical Atlantic. CLIVAR-Tropical Atlantic Workshop, De Bilt, Netherlands, June 2004.

Bunge, L., C. Provost, and A. Kartavtseff: Structure of the horizontal velocity throughout the water column in the equatorial Atlantic: observations from EQUALANT current meter moorings at 10ºW. EGU General Assembly, Nice, 2004.

Durand B., J. Servain, H. Laurent et L.A. Machado : Fluxo de calor latente no Atlântico tropical, convecção sobre o Nordeste e a rede PIRATA. XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Meteorologia. Fortaleza, Brésil, 30 août- 3 septembre 2004.

Servain J., Hervé M., and B. Durand : A real-time diagnostic analysis of the PIRATA observations. Joint American and Canadian Geophysical Unions meeting, Montreal, Canada, May 17-21, 2004.

d'Orgeville, M., B.L. Hua, R. Schopp, and L. Bunge: In situ evidence of deep equatorial layering due to inertial instability. Oral presentation at the EGU General Assembly, Nice, April 2004.

Servain J.: Introduction of the Session "Scientific results from the PIRATA Program (1997-2004)". Joint American and Canadian Geophysical Unions meeting, Montreal, Canada, May 17-21, 2004.

Bourlès, B., Status of PIRATA in France and related programs, 2004-2005 works and perspectives, présentation orale au Meeting PIRATA 11, Toulouse, 12-14 octobre 2005.

Bunge, L., C. Provost, and A. Kartavsteff: High frequencies in the water column at 10ºW at the equator. EGS, Nice, April 2003.

Bunge, L., and C. Provost: Preliminary analysis of high frequencies on the water column at 10ºW at the equator. Meeting PIRATA 9 and SACOS, Angra dos Reis, Brazil, February 2003.

Bourlès, B., 1) des campagnes et des données PIRATA de 2003-2004, 2) Statut de l?ORE PIRATA en France, 3) travaux scientifiques liés à PIRATA en France, Meeting PIRATA 10, Fortaleza (Brésil), décembre 2004.

Bourlès, B., « Présentation du programme PIRATA et de travaux associés », Tropical Atlantic Meeting and Workshop, Kiel (Allemagne), 19-22 août 2002.

Servain J. The status and perspective of the PIRATA Program. A CLIVAR Workshop on the Dynamics and Predictability of the Atlantic ITCZ and its Regional Climatic Influences. A CLIVAR Workshop on the Dynamics and Predictability of the Atlantic ITCZ and its Regional Climatic Influences. IRI, Palisades, NY, USA, 18-20 September 2002.

Provost, C., S. Arnault, N. Chouaib A. Kartavtseff, and L. Bunge: Equatorial pressure gradient in the Atlantic in 2002 : TOPEX-POSEIDON and JASON in 2002 versus the first PIRATA currentmeter measurements. Oral presentation at the EGU General Assembly, Nice, April 2004.

Ayina H. L., and J. Servain : Climate modulation in a general circulation model of the tropical Atlantic. CLIVAR Tropical Atlantic Workshop, Paris, France, 3-7 septembre, 2001.

Bourlès, B., Présentation des campagnes et des données PIRATA de 2001-2002, Meeting PIRATA 9 and SACOS, Angra dos Reis(Brésil), février 2003.

Cariou S., J. Servain, R. Person, et Y. Roubaud : Study of the tuna behaviour by acoustic simulation. CLIVAR Tropical Atlantic Workshop, Paris, France, 3-7 septembre, 2001.

Servain J.: The PIRATA Program in the Tropical Atlantic. (Invité). 1st Workshop on Tropical Ocean Moorings, Seattle, WA, USA, 11-13 septembre 2001.

Kolodziejczyk, N., and B. Bourlès, The Termination of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the Eastern Atlantic between 2001 and 2004, présentation orale au Workshop thématique "AMMA-Europe (EU)", Biarritz, septembre 2005.

Fontenele, D.P., J. Servain, E. Pinheiro and F. C. Vasconcelos Jr, Ocean data evolution along PIRATA sections from 1993 to 2016 using Mercator Project database, Poster, conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Paris, France, 28 novembre - 2 décembre 2016.

Delcroix, T., M. Tchilibou, G. Alory, G. Reverdin and S. Arnault, Variability of the Tropical Atlantic and Pacific SSS Minimum Zones and Their Relations to the ITCZ and SPCZ (1979-2013), EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, 13-17 April 2015.

Tchilibou, M., T. Delcroix, G. Alory, S. Arnault, and G. Reverdin, Variations of the Tropical Atlantic and Pacific SSS minimum zones and their relations to the ITCZ and SPCZ rain bands (1979-2009), poster présenté à la conférence PIRATA/PREFACE/Clivar-TAV, Cape-Town, South Africa, 24-28 août 2015.

References of National Seminar Communications

Gasparin F., H. Giordani, S. Cravatte, R. Bourdallé-Badie, E. Kestenare, J. Llido, G. Samson, P. Rousselot, J. Jouanno, B. Bourlès (2023) Observing and modeling diurnal ocean mixed layer in the eastern equatorial Atlantic, Journées LEFE-GMMC, Brest, France, 2Juin 2023.

Cravatte, S., F. Gasparin, G. Alory, R. Bourdallé Badie, B. Bourlès, C. Da-Allada, H. Giordani, F. Hernandez, J. Jouanno, E. Kestenare, J. Llido, F. Marin, G. Reverdin, G. Ruggiero, E. Remy, A. Voldoire (2021) Processus Océaniques Diurnes à Intrasaisonniers dans les tropiques : Observation, Modélisation et assimilation dans le système de Mercator Océan, Journées Scientifiques LEFE/GMMC, Session 2:"Modélisation/Observations/Assimilation" (en visio-conférence), 8 octobre 2021.

Giordani, H. (2021) Eddy-Diffusivity Mass-Flux Parameterization: A new Approach to unify Diffusion and Convection in Ocean Models, DRAKKAR 2021 Annual Workshop, 18-20 January 2021.

Gevaudan et al. A coupled ocean-atmosphere regional simulation of the tropical Atlantic Ocean : comparison with observations and sensitivity to numerical choices. meeting Drakkar, Grenoble 2020.

Llido, J., B. Bourlès, M. Araujo, et al., PIRATA: A sustained observing csystem for tropical Atlantic climate research and forecasting, Journées Scientifiques LEFE/GMMC, Session 2: Océans Tropicaux, Toulon, 12-14 juin 2019.

Bourlès, B.: Les observations in situ en Atlantique tropical et le programme PIRATA: Statut et perspectives, conférence de l'Académie de Marine, Paris, France, 6 novembre 2018.

Jouanno et al. Equatorial Atlantic interannual variability and its relation to dynamic and thermodynamic processes. NEMO Meeting, Toulouse, 2018.

Awo et al. Sea Surface Salinity signature of the interannual climatic modes in the Tropical Atlantic. Journées GMMC Mercator-Coriolis, Brest, 20-22 juin 2017.

C. Bachelier, J. Grelet, P. Rousselot, S. Hillion, F. Baurand, D. Lopes, PIRATA et le Service national d'Observation PIRATA en France : évolution des observations en Atlantique Tropical Est et perspectives ; Journées Scientifiques LEFE/GMMC, Brest, France, 20-22 juin 2017.

Da Allada et al. Importance of the Equatorial Undercurrent on the Sea Surface Salinity in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic in boreal spring. Journées GMMC Mercator-Coriolis, Brest, 20-22 juin 2017.

Djakouré S., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, A. Hounsou-Gbo & C. Noriega, On the potential causes of the Sargassum bloom events in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, Journées Scientifiques LEFE/GMMC, Brest, France, 20-22 juin 2017.

Jouanno, J. et al. Equatorial Atlantic interannual variability and its relation to dynamic and thermodynamic processes. Journées GMMC Mercator-Coriolis, Brest, 06/2017.

Herbert G., B. Bourlès, J. Grelet, and P. Penven, New insight on the upper layer circulation in the Gulf of Guinea, Séminaire scientifique du Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), Toulouse, 28 juin 2016.

Hernandez O. and J. Jouanno. Influence of the oceanic chlorophyll on the upper Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Journées GMMC Mercator-Coriolis, Toulon, Juin 2016.

Herbert, G., B. Bourlès, G. Cambon, J. Grelet & P. Penven, new insight of the upper layer circulation in the north of the Gulf of Guinea, Journées GMMC Mercator-Coriolis, Météo-France (Toulouse, France), 15-17 juin 2015.

Jouanno J., and X. Capet. Mixing in the Tropical Atlantic: the contribution of tides, intra-seasonal winds and equatorial dynamics. Drakkar Meeting, Grenoble, février 2015.

Thierry, V., J. Aucan, B. Bourlès, G. Eldin, P. Lherminier, and F. Vivier, La physique de l'océan, Techno flotte 2015, Paris, 11-12 mai 2015.

Caniaux, G., H. Giordani, M. Wade et al.: Langue d'eau froide et mousson Africaine. Réunion Transverse Météorologie Tropicale, CNRM, Toulouse, 5 juin 2014.

Caniaux, G., H. Giordani, M. Wade, et J.-L. Redelsperger: La langue d'eau froide Atlantique. Journée Recherche et Développement, Météo-France, Toulouse (CIC), 16-17 juin 2014.

Caniaux, G., H. Giordani, M. Wade, et al.: La langue d'eau froide Atlantique. Séminaire MERCATOR-Océan, Toulouse, 10 juillet 2014.

Djakouré, S., P. Penven, B.Bourlès, and J. Veitch, Ocean dynamics in the north of the Gulf of Guinea, Journée des doctorants AIRD, Montpellier, 22-23 avril 2014.

Bourlès, B., Le SO Pirata et les actions recherches/formations en cours sur le Golfe de Guinée, séminaire scientifique du Laboratoire de Physique des Océans (LPO), Brest, 5 avril 2013.

Bourlès, B., et G. Alory le Service d?Observations PIRATA, Journées Scientifiques du LEGOS, Toulouse, 14 mars 2013.

Wade, M., G. Caniaux, and Y. Dupenhoat, 2010: Oceanic mixed layer heat budget in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic from ARGO floats. Journées Rencontres et Développement 2010, RETIC/CNRM, Toulouse, 7-10 juin 2010.

Jouanno, J., Marin, F., Du Penhoat, Y., Molines, J. M. & Sheinbaum, J., Seasonal heat balance in the upper 100 m of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Work presented at "Atelier AMMA France 2010". Toulouse, France, 2010.

Wade, M., G. Caniaux, et Y. DuPenhoat, 2010: Variability of the mixed layer heat budget in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic as infered from ARGO floats during AMMA/EGEE. Résumé Atelier AMMA France 2010, Centre International de Conférence de Météo-France, Toulouse, 3-5 Novembre 2010, p.38. 2013 : 2

Wade, M., G. Caniaux, et Y. DuPenhoat: Modélisation 1D du cycle diurne dans l'Atlantique tropical en utilisant les données EGEE3 sur la radiale 10°W: réponse de la couche supérieure océanique aux conditions météorologiques. Atelier de Modélisation de l'Atmosphère, Toulouse CNRM, 27-29 Janvier, 2009.

Parard, G., N. Lefèvre, J. Boutin, et G. Caniaux : Modélisation de la variabilité haute fréquence de la pression partielle de CO2 à 6°S 10°W. Atelier de Modélisation de l'Atmosphère, Toulouse CNRM, 27-29 Janvier 2009.

Athié, G., A. M. Tréguier, F. Marin and B. Bourlès, Tropical instability waves in the Atlantic in NATL470: sensitibity to wind forcing, présentation orale au Workshop "DRAKKAR global ocean model ¿ resolution",Brest, 25-27 Septembre 2007.

Kestenare, E., C. Coatanoan, Y. Gouriou, R. Chuchla, and B. Bourlès, Sur la validation de la salinité des flotteurs ARGO dans l'Atlantique Tropical, poster présenté aux journées GMMC Mercator-Coriolis, Météo-France (Toulouse, France), 17-18 Octobre 2007.

Marin, F., B. Bourlès et G. Caniaux : Formation de la langue d?eau froide pendant les années du programme EGEE. Présentation orale à la réunion AMMA/EGEE, Groupe ?interactions océan-atmosphère?, Toulouse, 4 octobre 2007.

Marin, F., G. Athié de Velasco, A.M. Tréguier, et B. Bourlès : Variabilité intra-saisonnière en Atlantique tropical et impact sur la couche mélangée. Présentation orale à la réunion AMMA/EGEE, Groupe ?interactions océan-atmosphère, Toulouse, 4 octobre 2007.

Leduc-Leballeur, M., L. Eymard, G. de Coëtlogon : Influence of the SST on the low atmosphere in the Gulf of Guinea in April-July 2006. Atelier AMMA France, Centre International de Conférence de Météo-France, Toulouse, 3-5 Novembre 2010.

Bourlès, B., G.Caniaux, R.Chuchla, D.Dagorne, M.Juza, N.Kolodziejczyk, et F.Roubaud, EGEE : Etude de la circulation océanique et de sa variabilité dans le Golfe de Guinée (dans le cadre du programme AMMA), Poster présenté au Colloque du « Programme National d?Etude de la Dynamique du Climat » ; Meudon , 24 - 25 mai 2005.

Le Borgne, P., Gérard Legendre, Anne Marsouin, OSI SAF radiative fluxes, OSI SAF (Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility) Workshop, Perros-Guirec, (France), 15-16 mars 2005

Bourlès, B., J. Servain et S. Planton, l?ORE PIRATA, poster présenté au colloque ORE du CNRS/INSU, Paris, 15-16 novembre 2004.

Bourlès, B., J. Servain, et S. Planton, Le programme PIRATA : Réalisation, Exploitation, Développements, présentation orale aux Journées « Atelier Expérimentation et Instrumentation » 2004, INSU, Météo-France & Ifremer, CNRS-Paris, 23-24 mars 2004.

Bourlès, B., T. Delcroix, les ORE « SSS » et « PIRATA », colloque « Observatoires pour la Recherche en Environnement » du CNRS/INSU, Paris, 15-16 novembre 2004.

Peter, A.C., et Y. du Penhoat : Etude de la couche de mélange océanique et bilan de chaleur dans le Golfe de Guinée, poster présenté aux journées prospectives du PATOM, CIC de Météo France, Toulouse, décembre 2003.

du Penhoat, Y., et B. Bourlès, AMMA et les données océaniques disponibles dans le Golfe de Guinée, colloque Journées « Atelier Modélisation de l?Atmosphère » de Météo-France : AMA2003, Toulouse, 3-5 décembre, 2003.

Bunge, L., C. Provost, and A. Kartavsteff : Deep equatorial jets at 10W in the Atlantic, some preliminary results. Réunion PATOM, Paris, France, Octobre 2002.

DuPenhoat, Y., N. Ferry, C. Maes, J.Merle, S. Arnault, collab.: L. Fleury, E. Greiner, M. Benkiran, A. Lazar, G. Eldin et B. Bourlès, Validation des systèmes, MERCATOR en zone tropical: océans Pacifique et Atlantique, Poster présenté aux journées Mercator-Coriolis, LEGOS (France), September 2002.

Bourlès, B., Présentation des projets sur les interactions océan/atmosphère en région tropicale de l?Atlantique (EQUALANT, PIRATA, EGEE), présentation orale aux journées de prospectives «PATOM ; Programme Atmosphère et Océan à Multi échelles», Paris, France, 11-12 Octobre 2001.

Bourlès B., Arnault S. et Servain J., Présentations des programmes PIRATA-MAAT, colloque PNEDC-CLIVAR, Toulouse, 13-14 décembre 1999

Bourlès, B., Y. Gouriou, G. Herbert, J. Habasque, F. Marin, N. Lefèvre, F. Roubaud,

References of Contracts reports (European Union, FAO, Convention, Collectivities...)

Araujo, M., P. Brandt, C. Almeida, G. Alory, J. Araujo, A. Bertrand, B. Bourlès et al. (2021) ?Dynamical characterisation of selected seamounts/islands/shelf-break systems in the tropical Atlantic and implications for conservation efforts?, Deliverable D1.1 pour le programme EU TRIATLAS (H2020, Grant Agreement N°: 817578), 139pp, juillet 2021.

Johns, W., S. Speich, M. Araujo and lead authors with B. Bourlès as contributor (2021) Tropical Atlantic Observing System (TAOS) Review Report. CLIVAR-01/2021, 218 pp, mai 2021.

Bourlès, B., M. Araujo, P. Brandt, M. McPhaden, N. Lefevre, G. Foltz and L. Cotrim da Cunha , ?Organization & sustainability of PIRATA network Report?, Deliverable D.3.19 pour le programme EU AtlantOS (H2020, Grant Agreement N°: 633211), 7pp, DOI 10.3289/atlantos_d3.19, décembre 2018.

Poli, P., B. Bourlès, S. Bond, S. Hafner, S. Klink, and E. Petermann, ?Drifter network improvement report?, Deliverable D.3.20 pour le programme EU AtlantOS (H2020, Grant Agreement N°: 633211), 7pp, DOI 10.3289/atlantos_d3.20, décembre 2018.

Reilly K., C. Cusack, V. Fernandez, E. Buch, M. Ott, M. Araujo, B. Bourlès et al., ?Atlantic Ocean Observing Networks: Cost and feasibility study?. Deliverable D.1.4 pour le programme EU AtlantOS (H2020, Grant Agreement N°: 633211), DOI: 10.3289/AtlantOS_D1.4, 84pp, mai 2018.

Le Traon, P.Y., J. Paillet, P. Farcy, L. Cocquempot, B. Bourlès, Y. Morel, P. Raimbault, C. Schmechtign, P. Poli, G. Emzivat, J.C. Le Gac, S. Louazel, C. David-Beausire, T. Guinle, G. Dibarboure, N. Metzler, S. Pouliquen, G. Reverdin (2020) Rapport final du groupe de travail « Futur de Coriolis », mai 2020

2019 Cusack, C., K. Reilly, E. O'Rourke, G. Nolan, V. Fernández, K. Horsburgh, P. Farcy, G. Chiarria, L. Delauney, & coll (M. Araujo, A. Ahpinar, L. Paulo Assad, B. Berx, B. Bourlès ?), ?Sustained transatlantic coastal observations Report: Strategy for transatlantic sustained measurements in the coastal ocean, based on the strengthened forum for interaction between US IOOS, GOOS regional alliances and EuroGOOS.?, Deliverable D.4.4 pour le programme EU AtlantOS (H2020, Grant Agreement N°: 633211), 38pp, mars 2019.

Perez, R., B. Bourlès, M. Araujo, Tropical Atlantic Observing System Networks: Current Status and plans to 2030 Vessel-based Observations; Report for the 1st TAOS Review Workshop, Portland-US, Feb. 8th-9 th 2018, CLIVAR Report No. 03/2018, septembre 2018.

Araujo, A., P. Chang, B. Bourlès, P. Brandt, J. Servain, M. Rouault, J. Lübbecke, R. Perez, R. Rodrigues, M. Jochum, B. Rodríguez-Fonseca, and N. Keenlyside, Dynamics of Tropical Atlantic Variability, Report for the 1st TAOS Review Workshop, Portland-US, Feb. 8th-9 th 2018, CLIVAR Report No. 03/2018, septembre 2018.

Bourlès, B., P. Brandt and M. Dengler, 2018: PREFACE EU FP7 603521 Deliverable 4.4 ?Suggestion for a sustainable long term monitoring system?.

Bourlès, B., and M. Dengler, ?Heat and freshwater budgets, air-sea interactions?, Periodic Report n°3 pour le programme EU PREFACE (FP7, Grant Agreement Nº: 603521), 9pp., juin 2018.

Bourlès, B.., P. Brandt, N. Lefèvre and J. Hahn, 2018: AtlantOS EU H2020 633211 Deliverable 3.9 ?PIRATA data system upgrade report : Technical report mostly related to biogeochemical sensors (O2 and CO2 sensors) data, their real-time transmission and O2 and CO2 data control quality and their integration to existing systems, in relation with the WP7?, doi:10.3289/AtlantOS_D3.9.

Bourlès, B., P. Brandt, & N. Lefèvre (2017). AtlantOS EU H2020 633211 Deliverable 3.3 ?Enhancement of autonomous observing networks: PIRATA network improvement report?, DOI: 10.3289/AtlantOS_D3.3.

Rousselot, P., G. Reverdin, P. Blouch, & P. Poli (2017). AtlantOS EU H2020 633211 Deliverable 3.5 ?Enhancement of autonomous observing networks: Study of the potential for existing bathythermic string drifters?, DOI: 10.3289/AtlantOS_D3.5.

Bourlès, B., 2016: PREFACE EU FP7 603521 Deliverable 3.2 ?Enhancing prediction of tropical Atlantic climate and its impacts: Report air-sea interactions?.

Rouault, M., P. Brandt, M. Ostrowski, V. Mohrholz, and A. Plas, 2016: PREFACE EU FP7 603521 Deliverable 4.2, ?Eastern Atlantic interannual to decadal variability: Analysis of historical in-situ and remote sensing data with regard to the Eastern Atlantic interannual to decadal variability and Benguela Nino? .

Lefevre, N., CARBOCHANGE 2013, deliverable D5.1 (WP5), CARBOCHANGE 2012, rapport délivrable D5.1.

Bourlès B., Document de complément de dossier visant aux extensions proposées au SOERE PIRATA, rédigé pour évaluation par le Comité Inter-Organismes Environnement pour l?évaluation des systèmes d?observation labellisés, 6pp, janvier 2010.

Bourlès, B.., Document de synthèse relatif au SO/ORE PIRATA, rédigé pour évaluation par le Comité Inter-Organismes Environnement pour l?évaluation des systèmes d?observation labellisés, 42pp, septembre 2009

Bourlès, B..,Document de synthèse relatif à l?ORE PIRATA, rapport CSOA de l?INSU, 44pp, avril 2005.

Convention Météo-France - IRD pour le Programme PIRATA (2002-2003), renouvelable 2004-2005

Convention Armateurs Thoniers - IRD pour le projet ACOUSTHON (2000-2003)

Convention Région Bretagne - IRD pour le projet ACOUSTHON (2000-2003)

Videodocuments

Film « EGEE 3 : journal d?une campagne océanographique ». campagne associée à PIRATA FR15, par l?équipe audiovisuelle de IRD (Bondy ; réalisation : France Toma). 33?, Paru en mars 2011.

ORTB-BENIN : interviews TV et radio relatives au programme AMMA et à la campagne EGEE l / PIRATA FR 14, effectuées à bord du N/O LE SUROIT le 23 juin et diffusées par l?ORTB, juin 2005.

Récit en temps réel du déroulement des campagnes EGEE 1 (PIRATA FR 14), EGEE 2 et EGEE 3 (PIRATA FR 15), et EGEE 5 (PIRATA FR 17), transmis sur le site internet du Centre IRD de Bretagne, en juin-juillet et septembre 2005, en mai-juillet 2006 et juin-juillet 2007: http://www.brest.ird.fr/actualites/

RFO-Guyane / Cayenne: interviews TV et radio diffusées relatives à la campagne PIRATA FR12 et aux programmes climatiques en Atlantique Tropical, février 2004.

Réalisation d?un diaporama de la campagne PIRATA FR 12 (janvier-février 2004), mis à disposition sur le site internet du Centre IRD de Bretagne, et présenté lors de journées « Portes Ouvertes » au Centre IRD de Bretagne en automne 2004.

Réalisation d?une page Web présentant les activités océanographiques dans le cadre du LEGOS à Brest, d?AMMA/EGEE et du programme PIRATA, et accessible sur le site du Centre IRD de Bretagne(http://www.brest.ird.fr) (juin 2004)

Exposition du Programme PIRATA (avec diffusion du programme vidéo « Opération PIRATA ») dans le Village « Sciences de la Mer » au cours de l?événement « BREST 2000 » les 13-17 juillet 2000 à Brest.

Organisation locale et participation au tournage d'un reportage TV du Magazine « Thalassa » de la chaîne TV FR3, lors de la campagne PIRATA-FR3 en janvier 1999. Diffusion le 18 juin 1999 sur FR3 du reportage « Opération PIRATA » dans la cadre d'une soirée thématique sur l'observation du climat par les satellites. Rediffusion du reportage sur TV5 le 27 juin 1999.

« Opération PIRATA », film 30 mn FR3 de la Série Thalassa, diffusé le 18 juin 1999 sur FR3 dans la cadre d'une soirée thématique sur l'observation du climat par les satellites. Rediffusion du reportage sur TV5 le 27 juin 1999.

Film vidéo amateur 20 mn PIRATA tourné durant la campagne PIRATA-FR10 et monté par l?équipe audiovisuelle de l?Ifremer.

DEA or MASTER 2 using campaign data

MBang Essome, L. J. (2023) Couplage physique/biogéochimie à l'est du Golfe de Guinée, Stage de Master 2 UAC/ Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Encadrant : G. Alory, 2023.

Robo, M. (2023) Tendances climatiques en oxygène : étude dans l'océan Atlantique Tropical Est à partir des observations du réseau PIRATA, Stage de Master 2 de l'Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Encadrants : J. Llido, A. Paulmier, V. Garçon et T. Cariou, 2023.

Laurent, F. (2022) Caractérisation spatio-temporelle du cycle diurne océanique en Atlantique tropical, Stage de Master 2 de l'Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Encadrents : F. Gasparin, S. Cravatte et E. Kestenare, 2022.

Dame Gueye, (2021) Ocean dynamic role on the North Tropical Atlantic pattern, Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin), Encadrant : J. Jouanno, 2021.

Dingong Atoukoh, T.G., (2021) Wave energy distribution in the Gulg of Guinea, Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin), Encadrant : F. Bonou, 2021.

Houndefo, C., (2021) Mesoscale eddies impact thermohaline structure, Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin), Encadrants : Y. Morel et A. Chaigneau, 2021.

Laval, A. (2021) Diurnal cycle and mixing, Stage de Master 2 de l'Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Encadrant : F. Gasparin, 2021

Ngo Nola, M.D., (2021) Biogeochemical properties variability in the Gulf of Guinea, Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin), Encadrant : F. Chenillat, 2021

Nyemb Yegba, A.T., (2021) SST High Frequency variability North of Gulf of Guinea, Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin), Encadrants : V. Kone et Z. Sohou, 2021

Tope, G.D.A., (2021) Coastal water warming by the Niger River Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin), Encadrants : G. Alory, C. Da Allada et S. Djakouré, 2021.

Yissi, F., (2021) Geo-ingeneering impacts on the SST seasonal cycle in the North Gulf of Guinea, Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin), Encadrant :C. Da Allada, 2021.

Agada, H.J., (2020) 2012 cold event North of the Gulf of Guinea, Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin), Encadrant : C. Da Allada, 2020.

Capo-Chichi, E. (2020) Geo-ingeneering impacts on the BL North of the Gulf of Guinea, Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin), Encadrant : C. Da Allada, 2020.

Kouogang Tchuenkam, F.C. (2020) North Brazil Current rings : vertical decoupling, Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin), Encadrant : X. Carton, 2020.

Mongue Sissako, R.S.J., (2020) Angola Dome observations, Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin), Encadrants : G. Alory et C. Da Allada, 2020.

Tiam, M., (2020) Vertical large scale velocity in the Atlantic, Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin), Encadrant : A. Lazar, 2020.

Assene F., Etude de la structure des tourbillons de méso-échelle dans l'Atlantique équatorial. Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (6 mois), avril-septembre 2019.

Coursac, V. et M. Labit, Les zones de minimum d'oxygène à partir d'un modèle couplé physique-biogéochimique, stage de Master 1 SOAC (Sciences de l'Océan, de l'Atmosphère et du Climat) de l'Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse (3 mois), 2019.

Gnamah M., Analyse des vitesses verticales à grande échelle dans l'océan Atlantique, Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2018.

Gozingan, A.S., Etude de la dynamique et de la signature des tourbillons de méso- échelle dans la bande équatoriale, Stage de Master 2 d'«Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2018.

Loemba, D. P., Interaction entre upwelling côtier et panache du fleuve Niger au nord du Golfe de Guinée, Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2018.

Narinc O. Dynamique de me?soe?chelle dans l'oce?an Atlantique Tropical - Transfert co?te-large, Stage de Master 2 de l'Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse (6 mois), 2018.

Ngomo, R., Rôle des rétroactions océanatmosphère à méso-échelle sur les propriétés de l'Atlantique équatorial, Stage de Master 2 d'« Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2018.

Houndegnonto, J. O., Caractérisation des panaches de fleuves dans le Golfe de Guinée, Stage de Master 2 d'«Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2017.

Kom, O., Comparaison modèle-observations dans l'Atlantique tropical : bilans de chaleur/sel et Sous-Courant équatorial, Stage de Master 2 d'«Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2017.

Dossa, A. N., Dynamique des couches supérieures au nord-est du Golfe de Guinée, Stage de Master 2 d' « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2016.

Dimoune, M., Variabilités des couches de mélange et de barrière dans l'Atlantique tropical, Stage de Master 2 d' « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2015.

Yandjimain, J., Evaluation des modèles océaniques dans le Golfe de Guinée, Stage de Master 2 d'«Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2015.

Guely, A. C., Etude de l'évolution des conditions hydro-météorologiques dans le Sud-Est du Golfe de Guinée en 2013-2014 à partir de données in situ. Stage de Master 2 d' « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2014

Aboyo Essi E., Variabilité spatiale et temporelle du cycle diurne des températures de surface de la mer dans l'Océan Atlantique équatorial. Stage de Master 2 d' « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2013.

Adanmaze, R. Edwige, Influence des ondes de Kelvin côtières sur l'upwelling au nord du Golfe de Guinée, Stage de Master 2 d' « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2013

Awo, Mesmin, Oscillateurs climatiques de l'Atlantique tropical, Stage de Master 2 d' « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2013

Assongba, Athanase: Recherche d?un indicateur potentiel dans l?Ouest du bassin Equatorial Atlantic pour la langue d?eau froide et l?upwelling côtier du Golfe de Guinée. Stage de Master 2 d' « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2012.

Apetcho Koku Eyram, Couplages physique-biogéochimie dans le Golfe de Guinée, Stage de Master 2 d' « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2011.

Bonou Frédéric, Analyse des conditions hydrologiques et courantométriques au nord du Golfe de Guinée, à partir de résultats d?une simulation numérique, Stage de Master 2 d? « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2011.

Imbol Koungue Rodrigue Anicet, Analyse de l?évolution des conditions océaniques le long de la radiale 1°W en été 2011, Stage de Master 2 d? « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2013

Akakpo, B.K., Analyse du Sous Courant Équatorial à 10°W; Stage de Master 2 d? « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2010.

Adossi, L.A., Research of the predictor index for the Gulf of Guinea equatorial and coastal upwellings; Stage de Master 2 d' « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2010.

Djossou, F.M., Analysis of winds along the northern coast of the Gulf of Guinea and in south Atlantic Islands; Stage de Master 2 d' « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2010.

Akuetevi, C., Analyse des conditions hydrologiques et courantométriques au nord du Golfe de Guinée, à partir de mesures in situ. Stage de Master 2 d? « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2009.

Olubunmi, N.O., Proposal on pollutional assessment of the nutrient levels in the northern region of the Gulf of Guinea -Benin, Ghana, Nigeria & Togo-, Stage de Master 2 d? « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) et de Master of Philosophy du Département de Recherches Marines de l?Université de Lagos (Nigeria), avril-septembre 2009.

Rousseau, N., Validation et calibration des mesures de la station météorologique et du marégraphe de São Tomé (São Tomé et Príncipe - Golfe de Guinée), stage 3 mois CDD, Legos-Toulouse, Juillet- Septembre 2008.

Cousin, Rémi, LEGOS Toulouse et Mercator-Océan, « Apport du réseau de mouillage météo-océanique PIRATA pour l?océanographie opérationnelle », Ecole des Mines de Nancy, Avril-Septembre 2004.

Juza, M., Validation des mesures d?une station météorologique située à São Tomé. Stage de fin d?école Ingénieur (ISITV-Toulon), mars-août 2004.

Kolodziejczyk, N., Centre IRD de Bretagne, « La terminaison du Sous Courant Équatorial dans le Golfe de Guinée », stage du DEA Océanologie Météorologie et Environnement, UBO, avril- juin 2004.

Guiavarc?h, C., Centre IRD de Bretagne - stage du DEA Océanologie Météorologie et Environnement, UBO, juin 2003 Analyse de la salinité dans les couches supérieures du Golfe de Guinée, avril-Juin 2003.

Kolodziejczyk, N., Centre IRD de Bretagne, « La mesure des champs de température de surface de l?océan » et « Validation des Champs de SST par Satellite et Influence sur les Flux de Chaleur Turbulents dans le Golfe de Guinée », rapports de stages ENSIETA, Février-Septembre 2003.

Peter, A. C., stage de DEA Océan Atmosphère Environnement, UPS, Toulouse, Analyse de la couche de mélange dans le Golfe de Guinée à partir des résultats d?un modèle numérique, Avril-Juin 2003.

Dubranna J. - LEGOS Toulouse et Centre IRD de Bretagne - stage de l?École nationale Supérieure EEIHT de Toulouse, Étude des interactions océan-atmosphère dans l'Atlantique tropical. sept. 2000.

Faure V., 2000 : Première évaluation de l?apport des données PIRATA dans l?étude de la variabilité de l?Atlantique tropical. Rapport DEA, Université de Brest ? IRD-Brest, 23 pp + Annexes.

Gendrier, L. : Inversion des sondages atmosphériques réalisés par l'ATOVS (NOAA15). Mise en place du logiciel ICI. Validation des inversions faites en zone tropicale. Rapport de Stage de DEA "Méthodes Physiques et Télédétection", Université de Paris 7 - Antenne IRD auprès du C.M.S. de Météo-France, Lannion, 1999.

Tchilibou, M. L., Variabilité des minima de salinité de surface dans les océans Pacifique et Atlantique tropical (1979-2009), direction : T. Delcroix/G. Alory, Stage de Master 2 d' « Océanographie physique et applications » de la CIPMA/Cotonou (Bénin) (5 mois), avril-septembre 2014.

Thesis using campaign data

Minière Audrey (2024). Une perspective océanique du déséquilibre énergétique de la Terre au cours des soixante dernières années. PhD Thesis, Université de Toulouse.

Ngakala, R. (2024) Congo upwelling, co-encadrement : G. Alory et C. Da-Allada, Thèse menée à l'UAC (Cotonou, Benin), 2020-2024.

Panetier Aurélie (2023). Shipborne Global Navigation Satellite Systems for Offshore Atmospheric Water Vapor Monitoring. PhD Thesis, ENSTA Bretagne.

Larranaga Marco (2023). Gulf of Mexico ocean dynamics and its modulation by air-sea interactions. PhD Thesis, Université de Toulouse.

Larrañaga, M. (2023) Gulf of Mexico ocean dynamics and its modulation by air-sea interactions, co-encadrement J.Jouanno et L. Renault. Cofinancement CNES et Interreg-Carib-Coast, Thèse de l'Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, menée au LEGOS, soutenue le 21 novembre 2023.

Kouame Kanga Désiré (2022). Distribution de nitrates dans la couche de surface océanique en relation avec la variabilité spatiale et saisonnière de la profondeur de la couche de mélange en Atlantique Equatorial Est à 10 °W. PhD Thesis, Université Félix Houphouet-Boigny.

Medieu Anais (2022). Origine, déterminants et modélisation statistique des concentrations en méthylmercure dans les thons à l’échelle globale / Origin, controlling factors, and statistical modelling of methylmercury concentrations in tunas at a global scale. PhD Thesis, Université de Bretagne Occidentale.

Dimoune Djoirka Minto (2022). New insight of the west tropical atlantic circulation based on 25 years of satellite altimetry, pirata data and glorys ocean reanalysis. PhD Thesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.

Djoirka M. Dimoune (2022), ?West Tropical Atlantic Circulation?, co-encadrement M. Araujo et F. Hernandez, Thèse menée à l'UFPE, soutenue le 27 janvier 2022.

Djoirka M. Dimoune (2022), West Tropical Atlantic Circulation, co-encadrement M. Araujo et F. Hernandez, Thèse menée à l'UFPE, soutenue le 27 janvier 2022.

Gévaudan Manon (2021). Influence de la salinité sur la dynamique couplée océan-atmosphère de l'océan Atlantique tropical. PhD Thesis, Université de Toulouse.

Houndegnonto Odilon (2021). Analyse des variations thermohalines des échelles intra-saisonnière à saisonnière des panaches d’eau douce du Golfe de Guinée / Analysis of thermohaline variations from intra-seasonal to seasonal scales of freshwater plumes in the Gulf of Guinea. PhD Thesis, Université de Bretagne Occidentale.

Dossa Alina Nathanaël (2021). Near-surface ocean dynamic off northeast Brazil and coastal sea surface salinity gradients in the world ocean. PhD Thesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.

Dossa, A. N. (2021), Circulation off the North-East of Brazil, Thèse de l'université Fédérale du Pernanbuco, Recife (bourse FACEPE, Brésil), soutenue le 26 mai 2021.

Gevaudan, M. (2021), "Influence de la salinité sur la dynamique couplée océan-atmosphère de l'océan Atlantique tropical Ouest ", Thèse de l'Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, menée au LEGOS, soutenue le17 décembre 2021.

Nkwinkwa Njouodo, A. S., Université de CapeTown, Afrique du Sud, On the role of Aghulas Current on weather and climate of South Africa, soutenue en avril 2019.

Vasconcellos Nogueira Neto, A., « Diagnostique et quantification de la contribution océanique aux évènements extrêmes de précipitations sur la région côtière du Nordeste brésilien », MF/CNRM (bourse CNPq), Thèse de doctorat de l'Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse III, soutenue le 6 mars 2019.

Awo, M., 2018. Modes interannuels de la variabilité climatique de l'Atlantique Tropical, dynamiques oscillatoires et signatures en salinité de surface de la mer.; LEGOS, Toulouse & CIPMA/UAC, Cotonou, soutenue le 10 octobre 2018.

Houdegnonto Odilon Joël: Barrier Layer & short scales thermohaline variability in the Gulf of Guinea; LOPS, Brest & CIPMA, Cotonou (bourse MOPGA/IRD), en cours depuis septembre 2018.

Imbol Koungue R. A., 2018. Etude de l'évolution des conditions hydrologiques et climatiques en Atlantique Sud-Est, UCT. Thèse de l'Université de CapeTown, Afrique du Sud, soutenue en juillet 2018.

Tchamabi, C.C., 2017. Modelagem matematica da circulação, da dispersão de nutrientes e plâncton, e da troca oceano-atmosfera de CO2 no AtlânRco tropical. PPGO/DOCEAN. Thèse de l'Université Fédérale du Pernanbuco, Recife (bourse FACEPE, Brésil), Soutenue en mars 2017.

Trolliet, M.: Comparison of several databases of downward solar radiation data at ocean surface with PIRATA measurements. Thèse de Mines Paris Tech., 2017.

Papapostolou Athanasia (2017). Seasonal and Momentum Balance of the Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent. PhD Thesis, University of Miami.

Bonou, F., Variabilité des paramètres de contrôle du flux de CO2 à l'Ouest de l'Atlantique tropical, UFPE-IRD/LOCEAN, Thèse de l'Université Fédérale du Pernanbuco, Recife (bourse FACEPE, Brésil), soutenue le 26 février 2016

Dossa, A. N., circulation off the North-East of Brazil, Thèse de l'université Fédérale du Pernanbuco, Recife (bourse FACEPE, Brésil), depuis 2016.

Djakouré S. : Analyse numérique de la circulation océanique de la région Nord du Golfe de Guinée. IRD/LEGOS-IRD/LPO-CIPMA. Thèse de l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin (bourse IRD), soutenue le 13 février 2015.

Hounsou-Gbo G. A., Relations climatiques entre l'est et l'ouest du bassin sud-équatorial Atlantique et impacts potentiels sur le climat du Nordeste Brésilien, UFPE-IRD/LEGOS. Thèse de l'université Fédérale du Pernanbuco, Recife (bourse FACEPE, Brésil), soutenue le 5 avril 2015.

Nubi Olubunmi, O.: Meridional Distribution of Nutrients in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic, IRD/LEGOS-CIPMA, Thèse de l'Université d'Abomey Calavi, Bénin, soutenue le 13 février 2015.

Planton, Y., Variabilité interannuelle de la langue d'eau froide dans l'Atlantique tropical dans le modèle de Climat CNRM-CM5, MF/CNRM, Thèse de l'Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse III, soutenue le 10 novembre 2015.

Racapé, V., Etude de la distribution du ?13CDIC dans l'océan et évaluation de la composante anthropique du CO2, LOCEAN, thèse de l'Université Paris VI, soutenue le 6 décembre 2013.

Toualy E.: variabilité temporelle de l'upwelling côtier au nord du Golfe de Guinée, LAPA-IRD/LEGOS, Thèse de l'Université UFHB-Cocody, Côte d'Ivoire, soutenue le 28 janvier 2013.

Da Allada, C., Rôle de la salinité océanique de surface sur la dynamique du Golfe de Guinée ? apport des données satellitales, Thèse de l?Université Paul Sabatier et de l?Université d?Abomey Calavi (Bénin), soutenue le 2 novembre 2013.

Law-Chune, S., CNRM/Mercator/UPS/Région Midi-Pyrénées, « Apport de l?océanographie opérationnelle à l?amélioration de la prévision de la dérive océanique », soutenue le 15 février 2012.

Koffi, K.U., Distribution des paramètres du carbone et du flux de CO2 à l?interface air mer dans l?Est de l?Atlantique tropical, Thèse des Universités de Cocody (Abidjan, Côte d?Ivoire) et Paris VI, soutenue en septembre 2011.

Parard, G.: LOCEAN, Paris, Étude de la variabilité de la fugacité du CO2 dans l'Atlantique tropical: de l'échelle diurne a saisonnière. Université Paris VI, décembre 2011.

Wade M., LEGOS/CRNM, Toulouse, « Caractérisation des couches limites atmosphériques et océaniques pendant l'expérience EGEE/AMMA », Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, novembre 2010.

Athié de Velasco, G., Centre IRD de Bretagne, « Étude des ondes tropicales d?instabilité », Université de Bretagne Occidentale, juillet 2008.

Kolodziejczyk, N., Centre IRD de Bretagne, « Étude de la circulation dans le Golfe de Guinée », Université de Bretagne Occidentale, juillet 2008.

Peter, A.C. : Influence de la dynamique océanique sur le couplage océan-atmosphère dans le Golfe de Guinée. (Université P. Sabatier de Toulouse), janvier 2007.

Bunge, L., Dynamique de la circulation équatoriale, Thèse de doctorat de l'Université Paris VI, octobre 2006.

Brut, A.: Mesures des échanges surface-atmosphère: paramétrisation des flux et mise au point d'un instrument pour la détermination de flux d'espèces en trace. Thèse de Doctorat de l'Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse III, pp202, 2002.

Vauclair F., Étude de la variabilité interannuelle des couches superficielles de l?océan Atlantique tropical. Thèse de doctorat de l?Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse III, 2001.

Limits	North : 16.0 South : -10.0 West : -65.0 East : 10.0
Joint document(s)	PIRATA-France