GEOFAR

Name: GEOFAR
Start: 1993-07-20
End: 1993-08-17
Location: North Atlantic Ocean

Type	Oceanographic cruise
Ship	Le Noroit
Ship owner	Ifremer
Dates	20/07/1993 - 17/08/1993
Chief scientist(s)	AUFFRET Gérard
	GEO-OCEAN - UMR 6538 Univ. Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Bretagne Sud Place Nicolas Copernic 29280 Plouzané https://www.geo-ocean.fr/
DOI	10.17600/93000160
Objective	Scientific theme: Spatial and temporal variability (on the scale of a thousand years) of hydrothermalism. Objectives: Identification and quantification of hydrothermal activity in the surrounding area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis during the Upper Quaternary. Note: This cruise is part of the FARA programme under the heading of "regional samples and manifestation of hydrothermal activity along axis". During RV Atalante's SIGMA cruise, an EM 12 bathymetric survey was made of the areas in question.

Sea/Ocean

North Atlantic Ocean

(Ride medio atlantique)

Ports

Port of departure : Fort-de-France (Martinique)

Port of return : Ponta Delgada (Portugal)

Scientific Authority

GÉOSCIENCES MARINES

Centre Ifremer Bretagne

ZI Pointe du Diable

29280 Plouzané

+33(0)2 98.22.42.24

Participating bodie(s)

IFREMER,Universités de Bordeaux,Brest,Kiel,Lisbonne,BRGM,Institut Hydrographique du Portugal

Discipline(s)

MARINE GEOSCIENCES

Code	Label	Quantity	PI
B64	Gear research essais module d'observation dynamique	-	AUFFRET Gérard
G02	Grab carottier USNEL et IGBA	37 samples	AUFFRET Gérard
G04	Core soft bottom carottier Kullenberg	37 cores	AUFFRET Gérard
G08	Bottom photography SCAMPI, 100 metres (4 bobines)	6 videos	AUFFRET Gérard
G28	Magnetic measurements etudes de deux boites en profil	26	AUFFRET Gérard
G71	In-situ seafloor meas. or sampling flux de chaleur	21	AUFFRET Gérard

Summary of measurements

-USNEL core samples.
-Kullenberg core samples.
-Heat gradient measured in sediment.
-SCAMPI.
-MOD tests.
-Magnetic surveys.

Location map

Positionning system

Geodetic system : WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 1984 = WGS84

Positioning system : WGS84 pblt

Sampling operations

Name	Dive	Equipement	Date	Location	Depth(m)
GEOF-DR01	-	Drague à roche (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930726 06:30:0026/07/1993 06:30:00	20° 30.410' N 45° 38.530' W	1900
GEOF-KB01	-	Carottier IGBA (TRIPODE- PRELEV. SEDIMENT SURFACE)	19930803 00:00:0003/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 23.090' N 30° 48.090' W	-
GEOF-KB03	-	Carottier IGBA (TRIPODE- PRELEV. SEDIMENT SURFACE)	19930805 00:00:0005/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 36.981' N 32° 18.041' W	-
GEOF-KB04	-	Carottier IGBA (TRIPODE- PRELEV. SEDIMENT SURFACE)	19930806 00:00:0006/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 49.284' N 32° 32.582' W	-
GEOF-KB06	-	Carottier IGBA (TRIPODE- PRELEV. SEDIMENT SURFACE)	19930808 00:00:0008/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 56.000' N 32° 12.050' W	-
GEOF-KB07	-	Carottier IGBA (TRIPODE- PRELEV. SEDIMENT SURFACE)	19930809 00:00:0009/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 34.640' N 31° 50.550' W	-
GEOF-KB08	-	Carottier IGBA (TRIPODE- PRELEV. SEDIMENT SURFACE)	19930811 00:00:0011/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 3.800' N 32° 26.720' W	-
GEOF-KB09	-	Carottier IGBA (TRIPODE- PRELEV. SEDIMENT SURFACE)	19930813 00:00:0013/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 56.060' N 31° 59.990' W	-
GEOF-KB10	-	Carottier IGBA (TRIPODE- PRELEV. SEDIMENT SURFACE)	19930814 00:00:0014/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 10.760' N 30° 48.790' W	-
GEOF-KB11	-	Carottier IGBA (TRIPODE- PRELEV. SEDIMENT SURFACE)	19930815 00:00:0015/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 7.005' N 29° 51.972' W	-
GEOF-KB13	-	Carottier IGBA (TRIPODE- PRELEV. SEDIMENT SURFACE)	19930816 00:00:0016/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 28.890' N 29° 3.330' W	-
GEOF-KF01	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930806 00:00:0006/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 41.940' N 32° 27.921' W	-
GEOF-KF02	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930806 00:00:0006/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 53.494' N 32° 27.954' W	-
GEOF-KF03	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930806 00:00:0006/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 56.000' N 32° 12.010' W	-
GEOF-KF04	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930807 00:00:0007/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 53.060' N 31° 59.990' W	-
GEOF-KF05	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930808 00:00:0008/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 38.280' N 31° 19.450' W	-
GEOF-KF06	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930808 00:00:0008/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 34.624' N 31° 50.525' W	-
GEOF-KF07	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930810 00:00:0010/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 15.270' N 32° 14.000' W	-
GEOF-KF08	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930811 00:00:0011/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 5.220' N 31° 59.660' W	-
GEOF-KF09	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930811 00:00:0011/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 6.680' N 32° 17.208' W	-
GEOF-KF10	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930811 00:00:0011/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 3.748' N 32° 26.690' W	-
GEOF-KF11	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930812 00:00:0012/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 20.030' N 32° 20.330' W	-
GEOF-KF12	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930813 00:00:0013/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 33.224' N 32° 13.170' W	-
GEOF-KF13	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930813 09:25:0013/08/1993 09:25:00	37° 34.698' N 31° 50.527' W	-
GEOF-KF14	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930813 21:25:0013/08/1993 21:25:00	38° 2.026' N 40° 12.400' W	-
GEOF-KF15	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930814 00:00:0014/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 39.380' N 31° 51.910' W	-
GEOF-KF16	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930814 00:00:0014/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 59.900' N 31° 7.700' W	-
GEOF-KF17	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930814 00:00:0014/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 10.730' N 30° 48.790' W	-
GEOF-KF18	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930815 00:00:0015/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 34.990' N 30° 37.010' W	-
GEOF-KF19	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930815 00:00:0015/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 20.000' N 30° 25.950' W	-
GEOF-KF20	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930815 00:00:0015/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 7.021' N 29° 52.073' W	-
GEOF-KF21	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930815 00:00:0015/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 0.190' N 29° 5.600' W	-
GEOF-KG 03	-	Carottier boite USNEL	19930727 00:00:0027/07/1993 00:00:00	26° 8.682' N 44° 49.010' W	-
GEOF-KG 05	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930801 00:00:0001/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 15.250' N 32° 14.790' W	-
GEOF-KG 07	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930801 00:00:0001/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 36.970' N 32° 18.000' W	-
GEOF-KG 09	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930805 00:00:0005/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 33.101' N 32° 13.137' W	-
GEOF-KG 10a	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930805 00:00:0005/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 28.040' N 32° 8.080' W	-
GEOF-KG 10b	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930605 00:00:0005/06/1993 00:00:00	37° 28.040' N 32° 8.080' W	-
GEOF-KG 13	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930809 00:00:0009/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 2.010' N 31° 40.020' W	-
GEOF-KG 14	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930809 00:00:0009/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 0.028' N 31° 7.762' W	-
GEOF-KG 15	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930809 00:00:0009/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 38.200' N 31° 19.525' W	-
GEOF-KG 16	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930812 00:00:0012/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 5.329' N 31° 59.679' W	-
GEOF-KG 17	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930812 00:00:0012/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 6.596' N 32° 17.405' W	-
GEOF-KG 18	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930812 00:00:0012/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 16.812' N 32° 16.342' W	-
GEOF-KG 19	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930812 00:00:0012/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 19.989' N 32° 20.254' W	-
GEOF-KG 22	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930815 00:00:0015/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 35.000' N 30° 37.000' W	-
GEOF-KG 23	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930815 00:00:0015/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 19.966' N 30° 25.941' W	-
GEOF-KG 24	-	Carottier d'interface (TYPE NON PRECISE)	19930816 00:00:0016/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 0.153' N 29° 5.667' W	-
GEOF-KS 01	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930725 00:00:0025/07/1993 00:00:00	20° 32.950' N 45° 31.059' W	-
GEOF-KS 02	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930725 00:00:0025/07/1993 00:00:00	20° 33.765' N 45° 49.627' W	-
GEOF-KS 03	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930726 00:00:0026/07/1993 00:00:00	20° 26.069' N 45° 40.040' W	-
GEOF-KS 04	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930726 00:00:0026/07/1993 00:00:00	20° 39.946' N 45° 15.946' W	-
GEOF-KS 05	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930727 00:00:0027/07/1993 00:00:00	26° 8.941' N 44° 48.739' W	-
GEOF-KS 06	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930801 00:00:0001/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 15.240' N 32° 14.680' W	-
GEOF-KS 07	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930801 00:00:0001/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 16.540' N 32° 15.740' W	-
GEOF-KS 10	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930801 00:00:0001/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 19.082' N 32° 16.142' W	-
GEOF-KS 11	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930802 00:00:0002/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 37.000' N 32° 17.960' W	-
GEOF-KS 12	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930802 00:00:0002/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 33.184' N 32° 13.130' W	-
GEOF-KS 13	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930802 00:00:0002/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 28.029' N 32° 8.091' W	-
GEOF-KS 14	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930803 00:00:0003/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 23.318' N 30° 48.245' W	-
GEOF-KS 15	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930816 00:00:0016/08/1993 00:00:00	38° 0.363' N 29° 4.869' W	-
GEOF-KS 16	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	19930816 00:00:0016/08/1993 00:00:00	37° 28.910' N 29° 3.180' W	-

Bibliography

Publications

Repschlaeger Janne, Weinelt Mara, Kinkel Hanno, Andersen Nils, Garbe-Schoenberg Dieter, Schwab Christian (2015). Response of the subtropical North Atlantic surface hydrography on deglacial and Holocene AMOC changes. Paleoceanography, 30(5), 456-476. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002637

Berger C., Meier K. J. S., Kinkel H., Baumann K. -H. (2014). Changes in calcification of coccoliths under stable atmospheric CO2. Biogeosciences, 11(4), 929-944. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-929-2014 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00291/40231/

Cherkashov G., Poroshina I., Stepanova T., Ivanov V., Bel'Tenev V., Lazareva L., Rozhdestvenskaya I., Samovarov M., Shilov V., Glasby G. P., Fouquet Yves, Kuznetsov V. (2010). Seafloor Massive Sulfides from the Northern Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge: New Discoveries and Perspectives. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 28(3), 222-239. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2010.483308 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00013/12413/

Ondreas Helene, Fouquet Yves, Voisset Michel, Radford-Knoery Joel (1997). Detailed Study of Three Contiguous Segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, South of the Azores (37º N to 38º30 N), Using Acoustic Imaging Coupled with Submersible Observations. Marine Geophysical Researches, 19(3), 231-255. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004230708943

References of Articles published in other Periodicals or Scientific Works acclaimed in the Field

Auffret Gerard, Richter Thomas, Reyss Jean-Louis, Organo Catherine, Deloule Etienne, Gaillard Jean-François, Dennielou Bernard , Muller Carla, Thomas Bertrand, Watremez Pierre, Grousset Francis, Boelaert An, Cambon Pierre, Etoubleau Joel (1996). Enregistrement de l'activité hydrothermale dans les sédiments de la dorsale médio-atlantique au Sud des Açores. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie II Fascicule A-sciences de la Terre et des Planetes, 323(7), 583-590.

References of Technical Reports

Dyment Jérôme, Lallier François, Le Bris Nadine, Rouxel Olivier , Sarradin Pierre-Marie , Lamare Sylvain, Coumert Coralie, Morineaux Marie, Tourolle Julie (2014). Les impacts environnementaux de l’exploitation des ressources minérales marines profondes. Expertise scientifique collective. Rapport, CNRS – Ifremer, 937 p. https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00872/98434/

(1993) GEOFAR I.

Ifremer (1993). Compte-rendu de campagne. GEOFAR.

Thesis using campaign data

Respschläger Janne (2013). Impact of deglacial and Holocene AMOC changes on the mixed layer and deepwater hydrography of the subtropical North Atlantic / Auswirkungen deglazialer und holozäner AMOC Veränderungen auf die Oberflächen- und Tiefenwasserhydrographie im subtropischen Nordatlantik. PhD Thesis, University of Kiel, Mathematics and Natural Sciences. https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00493/60444/

Berger Christine (2013). Coccolithophore response to modern and past ocean acidification events. PhD Thesis, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00505/61714/