CITHER 1 (LEGS 1 ET 2)

Name: CITHER 1 (LEGS 1 ET 2)
Start: 1993-01-01
End: 1993-03-20
Location: Atlantic Ocean

Type	Oceanographic cruise
Set	This cruise is part of the set CITHER : CIRCULATION THERMOCLINE
Ship	L'Atalante
Ship owner	Ifremer
Dates	01/01/1993 - 20/03/1993
Chief scientist(s)	MORLIERE Alain, COLIN Christian
	IRD CENTRE D'ABIDJAN Rue du Chevalier de Clieu 15 BP 917 ABIDJAN 15 225.24.37.79 rep@ird.ci
DOI	10.17600/93000010
Objective	Analysis of hydrological structure of water bodies to determine mean ocean circulation through the equatorial Atlantic belt. Estimating integrated meridional heat and water mass transport through zonal sections at 4.30S and 7.30N.

Sea/Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

(Atlantique Equatorial. Zone(s) EXTRAPLAC : GUYANE.)

Ports

Port of departure : Pointe Noire (Congo)

Port of return : Pointe Noire (Congo)

Project

Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program,WOCE - FRANCE HYDROLOGY

Scientific Authority

LABORATOIRE D'OCÉANOGRAPHIE ET DU CLIMAT : EXPÉRIMENTATIONS ET APPROCHES NUMÉRIQUES - UMR 7159

Institut Pierre Simon Laplace

Boîte 100

75005 Paris

+33 (1) 44 27 32 48

https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/

Participating bodie(s)

ORSTOM(Brest),LPO(Brest),LODYC(Paris),LOC/UBO(Brest),LMCE(Saclay)

Discipline(s)

PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

Code	Label	Quantity	PI
D71	Current profiler (eg ADCP) ADCP	12 stations	COLIN Christian
G24	Long to short range side scan sonar Imagerie associee au sondeur	-	MORLIERE Alain
G27	Gravity measurements	-	MORLIERE Alain
G74	Multi-beam echosounding EM12D	-	MORLIERE Alain
H09	Water bottle stations 32 bouteilles sur le chassis de la bathysonde	223 stations	ARHAN Michel
H10	CTD stations CTD02 with 32 bottles	223 stations	ARHAN Michel
H13	Bathythermograph XBT	-	MORLIERE Alain
H21	Oxygen	222 stations	ARHAN Michel
H22	Phosphate	223 stations	OUDOT Claude
H24	Nitrate	223 stations	OUDOT Claude
H25	Nitrite	223 stations	OUDOT Claude
H26	Silicate	223 stations	OUDOT Claude
H32	Isotopes Helium, tritium	50 stations	JEAN-BAPTISTE Philippe
H71	Surface measurements underway (T,S) Thermomètre TQP	-	MORLIERE Alain
H73	Geochemical tracers (eg freons)	223 stations	ANDRIE Chantal
H74	Carbon dioxide	-	OUDOT Claude
H90	Other chemical oceanographic meas. Ar, CH4	223 stations	OUDOT Claude
M06	Routine standard measurements Centrale Meteo et Centrale Vent	-	MORLIERE Alain

Summary of measurements

-223 CTD profiles from surface to bottom.
-223 sampling stations at 32 levels between surface and bottom.
-Analyses of water samples to determine S, O2, nutrients (SiO3, P04, NO3, NO02), freon 11 and 12, total CO2 and pH, dissolved gases (Ar-N2-CH4-N2O) and PCO2.
-Processing of samples for onshore analyses of tritium/helium and chlorophyll.
-Analyses of outside air to measure atmospheric gases (CO2, freon 11 and 12, CH4, N2O).
-12 sPEGASUS current profiles between surface and bottom.
-130 XBT casts.
- Current profiles from 0 to 700 m using a Doppler acoustic current meter along the ship's track (10,154 nautical miles).
-Seabed topography survey with EM12D multibeam echosounder along ship's track.
-Logging of surface temperature and salinity along the ship's track.

Location map

Positionning system

Geodetic system : WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 1984 = WGS84

Positioning system : GPS

Data managed by SISMER

Bibliography

Publications

Herbert G., Bourles B., Penven P., Grelet J. (2016). New insights on the upper layer circulation north of the Gulf of Guinea. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 121(9), 6793-6815. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011959

Bonou Frederic Kpedonou, Noriega Carlos, Lefevre Nathalie, Araujo Moacyr (2016). Distribution of CO2 parameters in the Western Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Dynamics Of Atmospheres And Oceans, 73, 47-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2015.12.001

Parard Gaelle, Lefevre Nathalie, Boutin Jacqueline (2010). Sea water fugacity of CO2 at the PIRATA mooring at 6 degrees S, 10 degrees W. Tellus Series B-chemical And Physical Meteorology, 62(5), 636-648. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00503.x

Baklouti M., Devenon J. L., Bourret A., Froidefond J. M., Ternon J. F., Fuda J. L. (2007). New insights in the French Guiana continental shelf circulation and its relation to the North Brazil Current retroflection. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 112(C02023), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003520

Arhan Michel, Treguier Anne-Marie, Bourles B, Michel Sylvain (2006). Diagnosing the annual cycle of the equatorial undercurrent in the Atlantic Ocean from a general circulation model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 36(8), 1502-1522. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2929.1

Touratier Franck, Goyet C, Coatanoan Christine , Andrie C (2005). Assessments of anthropogenic CO2 distribution in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 52(12), 2275-2284. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2005.09.001 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/886/

Braga Es, Andrie C, Bourles B, Vangriesheim Annick, Baurand F, Chuchla R (2004). Congo River signature and deep circulation in the eastern Guinea Basin. Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers, 51(8), 1057-1073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.03.005

Andrie C, Gouriou Y, Bourles B, Ternon Jf, Braga Es, Morin P, Oudot C (2003). Variability of AABW properties in the equatorial channel at 35 degrees W. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(CLI5), 7.1-7.4. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015766

Freudenthal Sébastien, Andrie Chantal (2002). The arrival of a "new" Labrador Sea Water signal in the tropical Atlantic in 1996. Geophysical Research Letters, 29(15), 31.1-31.4. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015062

Oudot C, Jean-Baptiste P, Fourre E, Mormiche C, Guevel M, Ternon Jf, Le Corre P (2002). Transatlantic equatorial distribution of nitrous oxide and methane. Deep-sea Research Part I-oceanographic Research Papers, 49(7), 1175-1193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00019-5

Andrie C, Rhein M, Freudenthal S, Plahn O (2002). CFC time series in the deep water masses of the western tropical Atlantic, 1990-1999. Deep-sea Research Part I-oceanographic Research Papers, 49(2), 281-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00053-X

Ternon Jf, Oudot C, Gourlaouen V, Diverres D (2001). The determination of pH(T) in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean and its role in the sound absorption modeling in seawater. Journal Of Marine Systems, 30(1-2), 67-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00038-0

Ternon Jean-Francois, Oudot C, Dessier A, Diverres Denis (2000). A seasonal tropical sink for atmospheric CO2 in the Atlantic ocean: the role of the Amazon River discharge. Marine Chemistry, 68(3), 183-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00077-8

Bourles B, Gouriou Y, Chuchla R (1999). On the circulation in the upper layer of the western equatorial Atlantic. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 104(C9), 21151-21170. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC900058

Gouriou Yves, Bourles Bernard, Mercier Herle, Chuchla R (1999). Deep jets in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 104(C9), 21217-21226. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC900057

Andrie C, Ternon Jf, Bourles B, Gouriou Y, Oudot C (1999). Tracer distributions and deep circulation in the western tropical Atlantic during CITHER 1 and ETAMBOT cruises, 1993-1996. Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans, 104(C9), 21195-21215. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC900094

Pailler K, Bourles Bernard, Gouriou Yves (1999). The barrier layer in the western Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(14), 2069-2072. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900492

Andrie C, Ternon Jf, Messias Mj, Memery Laurent, Bourles B (1998). Chlorofluoromethane distributions in the deep equatorial Atlantic during January-March 1993. Deep-sea Research Part I-oceanographic Research Papers, 45(6), 903-930. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00003-X

Arhan Michel, Mercier Herle, Bourles B, Gouriou Y (1998). Hydrographic sections across the Atlantic at 7 degrees 30N and 4 degrees 30S. Deep-sea Research Part I-oceanographic Research Papers, 45(6), 829-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00001-6

Oudot C, Morin Pascal, Baurand F, Wafar M, Le Corre P (1998). Northern and southern water masses in the equatorial Atlantic: distribution of nutrients on the WOCE A6 and A7 lines. Deep-sea Research Part I-oceanographic Research Papers, 45(6), 873-902. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00002-8

References of Articles published in other Periodicals or Scientific Works acclaimed in the Field

Kouame Kanga Désiré, Kouassi Aka Marcel, Trokourey Albert, Toualy Elisée, N’guessan Benjamin K., Brehmer Patrice, Ostrowski Marek (2021). Spatial and Seasonal Variability of Mixed Layer Depth in the Tropical Atlantic at 10 °W using 40 Years of Observation Data. European Journal of Scientific Research / Revue Européenne de la recherche Scientifique, 158(3), 207-217. Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00684/79619/

References of Technical Reports

Colin Christian, Morliere Alain, Oudot Claude, Arhan Michel, Billant Andre, Branellec Pierre, Mercier Herle (1994). Campagne CITHER 1 N.O. l'Atalante (2 janvier - 19 mars 1993). Recueil de Données. Volume 2 : CTD-O2. LPO 94-04. https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00236/34678/

Andrie Chantal, Baurand Francois, Colin Christian, Morliere Alain, Oudot Claude, Ternon Jean-Francois, Arhan Michel, Billant Andre, Branellec Pierre, Mercier Herle (1994). Campagne CITHER 1 N.O. l'Atalante (2 janvier-19 mars 1993) - Recueil de données. Volume 3/4 : Traceurs Géochimiques (1). Documents Scientifiques du centre ORSTOM de Cayenne, n°O.P. 15, 1994.

Bourles Bernard, Colin Christian, Eldin Gerard, Gouriou Yves, Morliere Alain, Oudot Claude, Arhan Michel, Reppin Joerg (1994). Campagne CITHER 1 N.O. l'Atalante (2 janvier-19 mars 1993) - Recueil de données. Volume 1/4 : Mesures "En route". Courantométrie ADCP et PEGASUS. Documents Scientifiques du Centre ORSTOM de Cayenne, N° O.P. 14, 1994.

Colin Christian, Le Bouteiller A., Morliere Alain, Oudot Claude, Ternon Jean-Francois, Guevel Mickael, Le Corre Pierre (1994). Campagne CITHER 1 N.O. l'Atalante (2 janvier-19 mars 1993) - Recueil de données. Volume 4/4 : Traceurs Géochimiques (2). Documents scientifiques du centre ORSTOM de Cayenne, n°O.P. 16, 1994.

Colin Christian, Bourles Bernard, Dangu François, Morliere Alain, Nowicki David, Oudot Claude (1994). Campagne CITHER 1 N.O. l'Atalante (2 janvier-19 mars 1993). Recueil de coupes verticales.

Thesis using campaign data

Kouame Kanga Désiré (2022). Distribution de nitrates dans la couche de surface océanique en relation avec la variabilité spatiale et saisonnière de la profondeur de la couche de mélange en Atlantique Equatorial Est à 10 °W. PhD Thesis, Université Félix Houphouet-Boigny.