M70-2 (BIONIL)

Type	Oceanographic cruise
Ship	Meteor
Ship owner	Reedereigemeinschaft Forschungsschiffahr
Dates	21/10/2006 - 23/11/2006
Chief scientist(s)	BOETIUS Antje
	MPI FUR MARINE MIKROBIOLOGIE Celsiusstrasse. 1 D-28359 BREMEN +49 421 2028 648
Objective	This cruise leg combines activities of the ESF EUROCORES EUROMARGIN project MEDIFLUX and the German "Geotechnologien" project MUMM II (funded by BMBF/DFG) and investigates the recently discovered seep systems of the deep Nile fan. These consist of numerous fluid-escape structures outcropping in water depths between 500 and 3000 m which include pockmarks, actively gas emitting mud volcanoes, giant brine pools and ancient seep systems. The rising fluids carry hydrocarbons, mostly methane, to the seabed surface, which build the basis for rich and abundant microbial life and diverse chemosynthetic organisms.

Sampling operations

Name	Dive	Equipement	Date	Location	Depth(m)
BN-PL-11-BOXGEOL3	122-11	BOX geol	20061112 02:52:0112/11/2006 02:52:01	32° 22.047' N 31° 42.264' E	1153
BN-PL-11-CL2	122-11	Carottier lame (BLADE CORE)	20061111 13:25:3011/11/2006 13:25:30	32° 22.048' N 31° 42.271' E	1154
BN-PL-11-ASPI3	122-11	Aspirateur bouteille	20061112 02:30:1512/11/2006 02:30:15	32° 22.049' N 31° 42.261' E	1153
BN-PL-11-BOXGEOL11	122-11	BOX geol	20061111 18:43:2111/11/2006 18:43:21	32° 22.047' N 31° 42.265' E	1154
BN-PL-11-CL3	122-11	Carottier lame (BLADE CORE)	20061111 13:32:5111/11/2006 13:32:51	32° 22.048' N 31° 42.271' E	1154
BN-PL-11-CL7	122-11	Carottier lame (BLADE CORE)	20061111 13:18:4511/11/2006 13:18:45	32° 22.049' N 31° 42.271' E	1154
BN-PL-13-CT/PC12	124-13	Carottier tube	20061114 06:58:2614/11/2006 06:58:26	32° 21.669' N 31° 23.387' E	992
BN-PL-13-CT/PC44	124-13	Carottier tube	20061114 06:51:1314/11/2006 06:51:13	32° 21.669' N 31° 23.385' E	992
BN-PL-14-CT/PC14	125-14	Carottier tube	20061116 01:59:0816/11/2006 01:59:08	32° 22.125' N 31° 42.671' E	1122
BN-PL-15-BOXGEOL14	126-15	BOX geol	20061118 12:22:1418/11/2006 12:22:14	32° 32.014' N 30° 21.328' E	1697
BN-PL-15-BOXGEOL5	126-15	BOX geol	20061117 22:36:5017/11/2006 22:36:50	32° 32.176' N 30° 21.062' E	1705
BN-PL-17-BOXGEOL4	128-17	BOX geol	20061121 01:24:4621/11/2006 01:24:46	32° 31.991' N 30° 21.193' E	1700
BN-PL-11-BOXGEOL111	122-11	BOX geol	20061111 18:54:2811/11/2006 18:54:28	32° 22.047' N 31° 42.269' E	1154
BN-PL-12-BOXGEOL5	123-12	BOX geol	20061113 02:51:5913/11/2006 02:51:59	32° 22.031' N 31° 42.201' E	1148
BN-PL-12-BOXGEOL7	123-12	BOX geol	20061112 22:52:3412/11/2006 22:52:34	32° 22.056' N 31° 42.276' E	1157
BN-PL-14-CT/PC43	125-14	Carottier tube	20061116 07:11:3416/11/2006 07:11:34	32° 22.168' N 31° 42.616' E	1120
BN-PL-14-CT/PC53	125-14	Carottier tube	20061116 07:03:0816/11/2006 07:03:08	32° 22.165' N 31° 42.617' E	1120
BN-PL-15-BOXGEOL6	126-15	BOX geol	20061117 21:42:1717/11/2006 21:42:17	32° 32.143' N 30° 21.167' E	1700
BN-MTB1	-	Carottier Multitubes 12 tubes 57mm	20061109 09:54:0009/11/2006 09:54:00	32° 21.430' N 31° 32.490' E	-
BN-PL-11-BOXGEOL1	122-11	BOX geol	20061111 18:30:1411/11/2006 18:30:14	32° 22.047' N 31° 42.267' E	1154
BN-PL-11-BOXGEOL6	122-11	BOX geol	20061112 04:17:5512/11/2006 04:17:55	32° 22.046' N 31° 42.237' E	1148
BN-PL-15-CL8	126-15	Carottier lame (BLADE CORE)	20061118 08:16:2018/11/2006 08:16:20	32° 32.012' N 30° 21.133' E	1697
BN-PL-17-BOXGEOL1	128-17	BOX geol	20061121 00:30:2221/11/2006 00:30:22	32° 31.995' N 30° 21.193' E	1699
BN-MTB4	-	Carottier Multitubes 12 tubes 57mm	20061109 14:30:0009/11/2006 14:30:00	32° 22.150' N 31° 42.650' E	-
BN-PL-11-F_A1	122-11	NET A	20061112 02:26:0012/11/2006 02:26:00	32° 22.049' N 31° 42.259' E	1153
BN-PL-11-F_B2	122-11	NET B	20061112 02:27:2912/11/2006 02:27:29	32° 22.049' N 31° 42.259' E	1153
BN-PL-13-CT/PC38	124-13	Carottier tube	20061114 06:41:0014/11/2006 06:41:00	32° 21.668' N 31° 23.387' E	992
BN-PL-14-CT/PC52	125-14	Carottier tube	20061116 06:57:1516/11/2006 06:57:15	32° 22.163' N 31° 42.617' E	1120
BN-PL-15-BOXGEOL7	126-15	BOX geol	20061118 04:42:1718/11/2006 04:42:17	32° 31.996' N 30° 21.184' E	1697
BN-PL-15-CL2	126-15	Carottier lame (BLADE CORE)	20061118 08:39:3318/11/2006 08:39:33	32° 32.012' N 30° 21.132' E	1697
BN-PL-15-CL3	126-15	Carottier lame (BLADE CORE)	20061118 08:32:3318/11/2006 08:32:33	32° 32.014' N 30° 21.128' E	1697
BN-PL-15-CL7	126-15	Carottier lame (BLADE CORE)	20061118 08:05:5418/11/2006 08:05:54	32° 32.012' N 30° 21.132' E	1697
BN-PL-15-PANIER1	126-15	Panier	20061118 13:15:0018/11/2006 13:15:00	32° 32.092' N 30° 21.413' E	-
BN-PL-16-CT/PC41	127-16	Carottier tube	20061119 11:22:1019/11/2006 11:22:10	32° 32.009' N 30° 21.116' E	1698
BN-PL-17-BOXGEOL8	128-17	BOX geol	20061120 17:27:3020/11/2006 17:27:30	32° 32.078' N 30° 21.366' E	1698
BN-MTB3	-	Carottier Multitubes 12 tubes 57mm	20061109 12:42:0009/11/2006 12:42:00	32° 22.140' N 31° 42.400' E	-
BN-PL-11-BOXGEOL2	122-11	BOX geol	20061111 19:06:3811/11/2006 19:06:38	32° 22.048' N 31° 42.268' E	1154
BN-PL-12-BOXGEOL8	123-12	BOX geol	20061112 23:36:4212/11/2006 23:36:42	32° 22.054' N 31° 42.275' E	1157
BN-PL-15-F_A1	126-15	NET A	20061118 05:39:4118/11/2006 05:39:41	32° 31.995' N 30° 21.187' E	1697
BN-PL-16-CT/PC68	127-16	Carottier tube	20061119 11:23:5219/11/2006 11:23:52	32° 32.009' N 30° 21.121' E	1698
BN-PL-17-BOXGEOL7	128-17	BOX geol	20061121 00:16:5121/11/2006 00:16:51	32° 31.996' N 30° 21.188' E	1699
BN-PL-17-F_C1	128-17	NET C	20061121 02:57:4321/11/2006 02:57:43	32° 32.003' N 30° 21.237' E	1699
BN-KS3	-	Carottier KULLENBERG	20061111 00:02:0011/11/2006 00:02:00	32° 22.170' N 31° 42.630' E	-
BN-PL-11-ASPI1	122-11	Aspirateur bouteille	20061111 18:10:4011/11/2006 18:10:40	32° 22.047' N 31° 42.266' E	1154
BN-PL-11-ASPI2	122-11	Aspirateur bouteille	20061112 00:53:3712/11/2006 00:53:37	32° 22.040' N 31° 42.284' E	1154
BN-PL-11-CL8	122-11	Carottier lame (BLADE CORE)	20061111 13:39:3011/11/2006 13:39:30	32° 22.048' N 31° 42.271' E	1154
BN-PL-16-PANIER3	127-16	Panier	20061119 19:49:2819/11/2006 19:49:28	32° 32.077' N 30° 21.359' E	1698

Dives

Related number	Absolute number	Vehicle	Date	Location
1	112	Quest	20061023 00:00:0023/10/2006 00:00:00	32° 22.010' N 31° 42.000' E
2	113	Quest	20061024 19:52:0024/10/2006 19:52:00	32° 22.010' N 31° 42.000' E
3	114	Quest	20061026 07:20:1826/10/2006 07:20:18	32° 22.010' N 31° 42.000' E
4	115	Quest	20061026 12:32:0026/10/2006 12:32:00	32° 22.010' N 31° 42.000' E
5	116	Quest	20061028 05:08:0028/10/2006 05:08:00	32° 28.965' N 30° 16.966' E
6	117	Quest	20061029 16:00:0029/10/2006 16:00:00	32° 28.965' N 30° 16.966' E
8	119	Quest	20061102 08:00:0002/11/2006 08:00:00	32° 6.749' N 28° 10.320' E
9	120	Quest	20061103 18:05:0003/11/2006 18:05:00	32° 28.965' N 30° 16.966' E
10	121	Quest	20061109 23:00:0009/11/2006 23:00:00	32° 22.010' N 31° 42.000' E
11	122	Quest	20061111 09:00:0011/11/2006 09:00:00	32° 22.010' N 31° 42.000' E
12	123	Quest	20061112 18:45:0012/11/2006 18:45:00	32° 22.010' N 31° 42.000' E
13	124	Quest	20061114 00:15:0014/11/2006 00:15:00	32° 21.589' N 31° 23.410' E
14	125	Quest	20061115 19:30:0015/11/2006 19:30:00	32° 22.010' N 31° 42.000' E
15	126	Quest	20061117 18:40:0017/11/2006 18:40:00	32° 28.965' N 30° 16.966' E
16	127	Quest	20061119 06:05:0019/11/2006 06:05:00	32° 28.965' N 30° 16.966' E
17	128	Quest	20061120 15:20:0020/11/2006 15:20:00	32° 28.965' N 30° 16.966' E

Moorings

Name	Location	Begin date	Duration (days)	Comment
SMAC C 122	32° 24.000' N 31° 42.000' E	20061111 15:14:4211/11/2006	0	SMAC C in position and open
RACK R1 122	32° 24.000' N 31° 42.000' E	20061111 22:01:0011/11/2006	0	RACK R1 in position and taking highres pictures (oveview of the site)
Wood 3	32° 24.000' N 31° 42.000' E	20061113 16:40:0013/11/2006	0	Deployment of mooring Wood 3 (not seen with the ROV during any dive of this cruise)
RACK R2 126	32° 30.000' N 30° 24.000' E	20061118 03:18:4018/11/2006	356	RAC R2 positionned
SMAC E 126	32° 30.000' N 30° 24.000' E	20061118 04:14:0018/11/2006	356	SMAC E positionned
S-TRAC 126	32° 30.000' N 30° 24.000' E	20061118 07:13:4118/11/2006	357	S-TRAC 126- 11 on black spot of sediment
S-TRAC 126	32° 30.000' N 30° 24.000' E	20061118 07:14:0018/11/2006	357	S-TRAC 126-13 on the border of a crust
S-TRAC 126	32° 30.000' N 30° 24.000' E	20061118 07:15:0018/11/2006	357	S-TRAC 126-14 on a crust
Wood 1	32° 30.000' N 30° 24.000' E	20061119 16:11:5219/11/2006	0	WOOD 1 Deployed (launched from the surface): 32 32.073 N 30 21.117 E, next to a series of 3 pockmarks
Wood 2	32° 30.000' N 30° 24.000' E	20061119 16:29:3419/11/2006	356	WOOD 2 deployed (launched from the surface) : 32 32.016 N 30 21.186
Smac A 128	32° 30.000' N 30° 24.000' E	20061120 17:10:5420/11/2006	354	SMAC A opened
Rack R3 128	32° 30.000' N 30° 24.000' E	20061120 17:18:1120/11/2006	354	RACK R3 positioned just near the fault
Wood 4	32° 30.000' N 30° 24.000' E	20061120 17:39:0920/11/2006	0	WOOD 4 position (deployed from the surface)
Colonizers	32° 30.000' N 30° 24.000' E	20061120 20:15:4120/11/2006	0	colonizers deployed
Colonizers	32° 30.000' N 30° 24.000' E	20061120 21:45:2020/11/2006	0	set 2 of colonizers deployed

Bibliography

Publications

Szafranski Kamil M., Deschamps Philippe, Cunha Marina R., Gaudron Sylvie M., Duperron Sebastien (2015). Colonization of plant substrates at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean and occurrence of symbiont-related bacteria. Frontiers In Microbiology, 6(162), 1-14. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00162 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00382/49383/

Thesis using campaign data

Szafranski Kamil (2014). Cycles de vie des symbiontes chez les bivalves des environnements à base chimiosynthétique de l'océan profond / Aspects of the life cycles of chemosynthetic bacterial symbionts associated with bivalves from deep-sea chemosynthesis-based ecosystems. PhD Thesis, Université Paris 06. https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00761/87286/