EMSO (European Multidiciplinary Subsea Observatory) is a European network of submarine observatories for the environment. EMSO aims to acquire long time series in the seas around Europe with the following main objectives:

1. to study the impact of global warming on the oceans surrounding Europe;
2. the study of deep marine ecosystems with a view to basic research but also to sustainable management, with particular attention to anthropogenic and climatic factors;
3. the study of tectonic, volcanic, hydrothermal and gravity processes and the monitoring of associated natural hazards (earthquakes, tsunamis, slope instability) for densely populated coastal areas.

KM3NeT (Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope) is a European project for a neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea. This facility is designed to observe muons generated by neutrinos that have crossed the Earth. Three sites representing a total volume of 5 km3 are to be equipped with detectors located respectively off Toulon (France), Portopalo di Capo Passero (Sicily, Italy) and Pylos (Peloponnese, Greece).
The aim of the project is to study the fundamental properties of the neutrino and more particularly to measure the mass hierarchy of the 3 types of neutrinos.