The ABRACOS campaign marked a turning point in the knowledge of the structure and functioning of the neritic and pelagic marine ecosystems of Northeast Brazil, from physical processes to top predators. The success of this campaign led us to carry out a second campaign (Abraços2; https://doi.org/10.17600/17004100). These two campaigns have allowed us to revisit many aspects of the processes in the region, including:

- Current dynamics in this area of major interest for thermohaline circulation (e.g. 10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102475; 10.3389/fmars.2021.598101), see Figure 1:

Figure 1. Schematic representation of mean currents and eddy generation along the Northeast Brazilian coast (lower panel) and a zoom (depicted by a grey rectangle) on the schematic circulation north of 5?S (upper panel). Surface
currents in red and subsurface currents in blue. sSEC: southern branch of south equatorial current; BC: Brazil current; NBC: north Brazil current; SEUC: south equatorial undercurrent; NBUC: north Brazil undercurrent. The black rectangle
indicates the NBUC-NBC transition zone. This figure summarizes the results of this study put into a wider context. Source: Dossa et al. (2021 - 10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102475)

- Thermohaline structuring (e.g. 10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102399);

- The primary productivity (e.g. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103696), see Figure 2;

Figure 2: Schematic representation of the spatiotemporal pattern of primary productivity off Northeast Brazil. Source: Farias et al. (2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103696)

- Biodiversity (e.g., 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.3.4; 10.1080/17451000.2019.1636281; 10.11646/zootaxa.4613.3.1; 10.1007/s41208-019-00154-2; https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15155; https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.937154), see Figure 3:

Figure 3: Main mesopelagic fish families collected on the ABRACOS surveys when considering diversity, abundance, and biomass. Fish
images represent only examples of species included in the group. Source: Eduardo et al. (2022;  https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.937154)

- The study of planktonic communities (e.g., 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2020.103449, 10.1093/plankt/fbaa066), see Figure 4;

Figure 4. Mean ¿¹³C and ¿¹⁵N (± standard deviation) of particulate organic matter (POM) and size-fractionated zooplankton sampled on the continental shelf, at the slope and off oceanic islands in the tropical Atlantic off northeastern Brazil. Source: Figuereido et al. (2021; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2020.103449)

- Fish biology (e.g. 10.1111/jai.13840; 10.1111/jai.13831; 10.1111/jai.14084);

- Ecology, distribution and role of demersal fishes (e.g. 10.1016/j.csr.2018.07.002; 10.1002/aqc.3278), see Figure 5;

Figure 5: Spatial representation of estimations of Margalef index, Pielou's evenness, Hill's Shannon index (N1), Hill's Simpson's index (N2) and taxonomic diversity (¿)
and Taxonomic distinctness (¿* ) of demersal fishes caught along the northeast Brazilian continental shelf (4°¿9°S). Source: Eduardo et al. (2018; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2018.07.002).

The ABRACOS campaign has also provided material to more than 20 Master and PhD students (ongoing or completed). In addition, the campaign provided materials for transfer activities to civil society, especially in Brazil (see: https://tapioca.ird.fr/category/extensao/).

This campaign, which marked the beginning of multidisciplinary activities in the Northeast region of Brazil, was the foundation for the creation of the mixed international laboratory 'Tropical Atlantic Interdisciplinary laboratory on physical, biogeochemical, ecological and human dynamics' (LMI TAPIOCA; https://tapioca.ird.fr) that convene more than 100 scientists from France and Brazil.