ODEMAR

Type Oceanographic cruise
Ship Pourquoi pas ?
Ship owner Ifremer
Dates 15/11/2013 - 20/12/2013
Chief scientist(s) ESCARTIN Javier ORCID, ANDREANI Muriel

LABORATOIRE DE GEOLOGIE - ENS

24, rue L'homond

75231 PARIS CEDEX 05

+33(0)1 44.32.22.11

https://www.geologie.ens.fr/
DOI 10.17600/13030070
Objective

The goal of the ODEMAR (Oceanic Detachments at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) cruise was to understand the internal architecture and tectonic evolution of oceanic detachment fault systems, and to constrain the links between deformation, alteration and magmatism throughout the detachment system. Oceanic detachments are a fundamental and common mode of oceanic accretion along slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges. Along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (~15-30°N), up to 50% of the oceanic crust is formed with the involvement of these tectonic structures, instead of a magmatic accretionary system. The study area of the ODEMAR cruise, which departed on 16/11/13 from Mindelo (Cap Verde) and finished at Pointe-a-Pitre (Guadeloupe) on 20/12/13 (Figure 1), focused on the section of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between the Marathon and the Fifteen-Twenty FZs.

Figure 1. Satellite-derived bathymetry displaying the study area (box) and the transits (black lines) from Cape Verde (East) and to Point-a-Pitre (West).

Between the Marathon and the Fifteen-Twenty Fracture Zones (Figure 2, left), both symmetric and detachment-related accretion types are observed. The ODEMAR cruise focused on the 13°20'N and 13°30'N detachments, that are located within a section of the MAR dominated by detachment-related accretion (Figure 1.2, center). This area had been studied previously with near-bottom sonar imagery (see Figure 2, right), and sampled with dredges and TV grabs, but no ROV nor HOV observations existed to date.

In this area we have conducted a total of 12 AUV ABYSS 6000 dives and more than 20 ROV VICTOR 6000 dives that allowed us to recover more than 430 geological samples, in addition to geomicrobiological sampling and geological observations. During these dives we explored the different structural elements of the detachment fault (footwall, termination (footwall-hangingwall contact), striated surface, the break-away of the detachment, and the tectonized terrain between the break-away and the striated terrain). During these dives, we also identified and studied two active hydrothermal sites, and several inactive ones. One of the active sites, Semenov-2 (13°30'N detachment), had been previously identified by Russian cruises, and is part of a series of inactive hydrothermal sites. This site is found on the Eastern part of the detachment, ~12 km off-axis. The second one, Irinovskoe, was identified from water-column redox anomalies recorded during AUV dives, and found during ROV exploration dives over the northern striated slope of the 13°20'N detachment, in an area where sulfide deposits had been recovered using shipboard sampling in prior cruises. At both sites we conducted fluid sampling of the active vents and associated hydrothermal plumes. These ROV and AUV studies were complemented with 15 dredges throughout the study area to complement our sampling, and with CTD casts for water-column studies.

Figure 2. (Left) Bathymetry of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge around 13°20-30'N, showing the location of oceanic detachments (stars), and the transition from detachment to `normal' seafloor (14°N segment) lacking detachments. (Center) Close-up of the 13°20' and 30'N detachments, active and rooting at the ridge axis.  (Right) 3D oblique view of the 13°20'N detachment with sonar imagery draped on bathymetry (see view angle in center panel). The curved and striated fault plane is well exposed at the seafloor since its initiation (breakaway) to the termination at the axis, and hosts active and fossil hydrothermal activity. Modified from Smith et al. [2008] (left) and MacLeod et al. [2009] (right).

Figure 3. 2004 event and aftershock microseismicity, indicating the reactivation of the Roseau Fault (Bazin et al., 2010).

Due to an accident onboard of one of the scientists requiring medical follow up, we have departed from the study area on the 13/12/13 for arrival at Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe) on the morning of 16/12/13, 3.5 days before the planned end of the cruise. In order to use and optimize available ship, ROV and AUV time, we identified an alternative study area in the proximity of Guadeloupe, between Les Saintes islands and Dominica Island. This area witnessed a magnitude >6 seismic event in 2004 that reactivated the Roseau Fault (Figure 1.3), and generated a tsunami locally. This seismic event was followed by an aftershock sequence. Both the geophysical data and modelling suggested that a section of the Roseau Fault was displaced several 10s of cm. For this leg of the cruise, F. Leclerc, who is conducting a PhD on the area, was embarked to support the operations. Fault mapping with ROV and AUV was restricted to the Roseau fault section within French territorial waters (Figure 3).

Scientific context

Main results

Data acquired and analyses carried out at sea and on shore

Published data

Escartin Javier, Gracias Nuno, Garcia Rafael (2023). ODEMAR cruise: ROV Victor photomosaics - French Antilles - GEOTIFFS (blended & renavigated, UTM 20N). https://doi.org/10.17882/95243


Escartin Javier, Petersen Sven (2023). ODEMAR AUV Abyss bathymetry - French Antilles (2m resolution). https://doi.org/10.17882/95217


Data managed by SISMER

Sampling operations

Dives

Bibliography

Publications

Martin Andrew J., Jamieson John W., Petersen Sven, Fayek Mostafa, Escartin Javier (2024). Fluid Flow, Mineralization and Deformation in an Oceanic Detachment Fault: Microtextural, Geochemical and Isotopic Evidence From Pyrite at 13°30′N on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 25(1), e2023GC011033 (27p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GC011033 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00869/98128/


Hughes Alex, Escartín Javier, Billant Jeremy, Leclerc Frédérique, Andreani Muriel, Olive Jean-Arthur, Arnaubec Aurelien, Dano Alexandre, Delorme Arthur, Deplus Christine, Feuillet Nathalie, Gini Caroline, Gracias Nuno, Hamelin Cédric, Istenič Klemen, Komorowski Jean-Christophe, Le Friant Anne, Marchand Claire, Mével Catherine, Onstad Solveig Lie, Quidelleur Xavier (2023). Seafloor earthquake ruptures and mass wasting from the 2004 Mw 6.3 Les Saintes submarine earthquake. Communications Earth & Environment, 4(1), 270 (13p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00919-x , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00847/95905/


Arnaubec Aurelien, Ferrera MaximeORCID, Escartín Javier, Matabos MarjolaineORCID, Gracias Nuno, Opderbecke Jan (2023). Underwater 3D Reconstruction from Video or Still Imagery: Matisse and 3DMetrics Processing and Exploitation Software. Journal Of Marine Science And Engineering, 11(5), 985 (18p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050985 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00836/94752/


Firstova Anna, Cherkashov Georgy, Stepanova Tamara, Sukhanova Anna, Poroshina Irina, Bel’tenev Victor (2022). New Data for the Internal Structure of Ultramafic Hosted Seafloor Massive Sulfides (SMS) Deposits: Case Study of the Semenov-5 Hydrothermal Field (13°31′ N, MAR). Minerals, 12(12), 1593 (24p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121593 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00811/92255/


Gollner S., Colaço Ana, Gebruk A., Halpin P.N., Higgs N., Menini E., Mestre N.C., Qian P.-Y., Sarrazin JozeeORCID, Szafranski K., Van Dover C.L. (2021). Application of scientific criteria for identifying hydrothermal ecosystems in need of protection. Marine Policy, 132, 104641 (12p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104641 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00701/81318/


Hughes Alex, Escartín Javier, Olive Jean‐arthur, Billant Jeremy, Deplus Christine, Feuillet Nathalie, Leclerc Frédérique, Malatesta Luca (2021). Quantification of gravitational mass wasting and controls on submarine scarp morphology along the Roseau fault, Lesser Antilles. Journal Of Geophysical Research-earth Surface, 126(4), e2020JF005892 (25p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005892 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00684/79578/


Verlaguet A., Bonnemains D., Mével C, Escartín J., Andreani M., Bourdelle F., Boiron M.‐c., Chavagnac V. (2021). Fluid circulation along an oceanic detachment fault: insights from fluid inclusions in silicified brecciated fault rocks (Mid‐Atlantic Ridge at 13°20’N). Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 22(1), e2020GC009235 (32p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009235 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00661/77301/


Métois Marianne, Martelat Jean-Emmanuel, Billant Jérémy, Andreani Muriel, Escartin Javier, Leclerc Frédérique, The Icap + (2021). Deep oceanic submarine fieldwork with undergraduate students, an exceptional immersive experience (Minerve software). Solid Earth, 12(12), 2789-2802. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2021-89 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00718/82995/


Cordrie Louise, Gailler Audrey, Escartin Javier, Feuillet Nathalie, Heinrich Philippe (2020). Simulation of the 2004 tsunami of Les Saintes in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles) using new source constraints. Natural Hazards, 103(2), 2103-2129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04073-x


Ansorge Rebecca, Romano Stefano, Sayavedra Lizbeth, Porras Miguel Angel Gonzalez, Kupczok Anne, Tegetmeyer Halina E., Dubilier Nicole, Petersen Jillian (2019). Functional diversity enables multiple symbiont strains to coexist in deep-sea mussels. Nature Microbiology, 4(12), 2487-2497. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0572-9 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00762/87404/


Istenič Klemen, Gracias Nuno, Arnaubec Aurelien, Escartín Javier, Garcia Rafael (2019). Scale Accuracy Evaluation of Image-Based 3D Reconstruction Strategies Using Laser Photogrammetry. Remote Sensing, 11(18), 2093 (32p.). Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182093 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00515/62643/


Searle R. C., Macleod C. J., Peirce C., Reston T. J. (2019). The Mid‐Atlantic Ridge Near 13°20′N: High‐Resolution Magnetic and Bathymetry Imaging. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 20(1), 295-313. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007940 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00499/61031/


Olive Jean-Arthur, Parnell-Turner Ross, Escartín Javier, Smith Deborah K., Petersen Sven (2019). Controls on the seafloor exposure of detachment fault surfaces. Earth And Planetary Science Letters, 506, 381-387. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.11.001 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00469/58106/


Parnell-Turner Ross, Escartin Javier, Olive Jean-Arthur, Smith Deborah K., Petersen Sven (2018). Genesis of corrugated fault surfaces by strain localization recorded at oceanic detachments. Earth And Planetary Science Letters, 498, 116-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.06.034


Bonnemains D., Escartin J., Mevel C, Andreani M., Verlaguet A. (2017). Pervasive silicification and hanging wall overplating along the 13°20'N oceanic detachment fault (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 18(6), 2028-2053. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GC006846


Escartin J., Mevel C., Petersen S., Bonnemains D., Cannat M., Andreani M., Augustin N., Bezos A., Chavagnac V., Choi Y., Godard M., Haaga K., Hamelin C., Ildefonse B., Jamieson J., John B., Leleu T., Macleod C. J., Massot-Campos M., Nomikou P., Olive J. A., Paquet M., Rommevaux C., Rothenbeck M., Steinfuhrer A., Tominaga M., Triebe L., Campos R., Gracias N., Garcia R. (2017). Tectonic structure, evolution, and the nature of oceanic core complexes and their detachment fault zones (13°20'N and 13°30'N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 18(4), 1451-1482. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006775 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00376/48702/


Escartin Javier, Leclerc Frederique, Olive Jean-Arthur, Mevel Catherine, Cannat Mathilde, Petersen Sven, Augustin Nico, Feuillet Nathalie, Deplus Christine, Bezos Antoine, Bonnemains Diane, Chavagnac Valerie, Choi Yujin, Godard Marguerite, Haaga Kristian A., Hamelin Cedric, Ildefonse Benoit, Jamieson John W., John Barbara E., Leleu Thomas, Macleod Christopher J., Massot-Campos Miguel, Nomikou Paraskevi, Paquet Marine, Rommevaux-Jestin Celine, Rothenbeck Marcel, Steinfuehrer Anja, Tominaga Masako, Triebe Lars, Campos Ricard, Gracias Nuno, Garcia Rafael, Andreani Muriel, Vilaseca Geraud (2016). First direct observation of coseismic slip and seafloor rupture along a submarine normal fault and implications for fault slip history. Earth And Planetary Science Letters, 450, 96-107. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.06.024 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00344/45500/


References of Technical Reports

Escartin Javier, Feuillet Nathalie, Lefriant Anne (2017). SUBSAINTES'17 Cruise Report. N/O l’Atlante – ROV Victor 6000 – AUV AsterX. 2 - 24 April 2017 Pointe à Pitre (Guadeloupe) - Pointe à Pitre (Guadeloupe). https://doi.org/10.13155/95227


Dyment Jérôme, Lallier François, Le Bris Nadine, Rouxel OlivierORCID, Sarradin Pierre-MarieORCID, Lamare Sylvain, Coumert Coralie, Morineaux Marie, Tourolle JulieORCID (2014). Les impacts environnementaux de l’exploitation des ressources minérales marines profondes. Expertise scientifique collective. Rapport, CNRS – Ifremer, 937 p. https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00872/98434/


Escartin Javier (2014). ODEMAR Oceanic Detachment Faults at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Cruise Report. N/O Pourquoi pas? – ROV Victor 6000 – AUV Abyss 6000. 16 Nov - 19 Dec 2013, Mindelo (Cape Verde) - Point a Pitre (Guadeloupe). https://doi.org/10.13155/47149


References of International Seminar Communications

Escartín, J., Breaking the Surface of the Seafloor : Studying the tracers of earthquakes underwater, 9th International interdisciplinary filed workshop of maritime robotics and applications « Breaking the Surface », Biograd, Croatia, 1-8 Oct. 2017. (invited)

Olive, J.-A., R. E. Parnell-Turner, J. Escartín, D. K. Smith, S. Petersen, Controls on the seafloor exposure of detachment fault surfaces, Fall AGU 2017 Meeting, T33D-0750, San Francisco, USA, 11-18 Dec. 2017.

Bonnemains D., Verlaguet A., Escartin J., Mével C., Boiron M.-C. & Andreani M., Nature and origin of Si-rich fluids at 13°20?N silicified oceanic detachment fault (Mid-Atlantic Ridge), emc2016 ? 2nd European Mineralogical Conference, Sep. 11-15, Rimini, Italy.

Bonnemains, D., A. Verlaguet, J. Escartín, C. Mével, and M. Andreani, Hydrothermal circulation along oceanic detachment fault: Constraints on the nature and conditions of syntectonic silicification at the 13°20?N oceanic core complex (Mid-Atlantic ridge), T33A-3001, San Francisco, USA, 12-16 Dec. 2016.

Olive, J.-A., M. Behn, G. Ito, R. W. Buck, J. Escartín, S. Howell, Sensitivity of seafloor bathymetry to climate-driven fluctuations in mid-ocean ridge magma supply, EGU2016 Abst. EGU2016-9785, Vienna, Austria, 18-22 Apr. 2016. (invited talk)

Olive, J.-A., S. Howell, L. Malatesta, X. Tian, R. Buck, G. Ito, J. Escartín, Feedbacks between mass wasting and abyssal hill growth on seismic cycle and geological time scales, Joint Community Surface Dynamics Modelling ? SEN Meeting, May 17 -19th 2016, Boulder Colorado, USA.

Bonnemains, D., J. Escartín, M. Andreani, C. Mevel, A. Verlaguet., Dissecting Oceanic Detachment Faults: Fault Zone Geometry, Deformation Mechanisms, and Nature of Fluid-Rock Interactions (T43B-3000). Fall AGU 2015 Meeting, San Francisco, USA, 14-18 Dec. 2015.

Petersen, S., Jamieson, J., Augustin, N., Devey, C., Escartin, J., Rothenbeck, M., Steinführer, A. and Triebe, L. (2015) Examples of AUV-based exploration along the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge [Talk] In: ISA workshop on ?Seafloor Massive Sulfides Exploration and Environment Assessment at Slow and Ultra-Slow Spreading Ridges", 29.09.2015, Hangzhou, China.

Quintana, J., R. Garcia, J. Escartín, ODEMAR cruise : Mosaicing and reconstruction of 3D terrain, 2015 MIDAS Annual Meeting, Sintra, Portugal, 16-20 Nov 2015. Jamieson, J. W., S. Petersen, N. Augustin, J. Escartín, Variability in seafloor massive sulfide morphology and composition ? Example from the Semyenov depostis, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 13th SGA Meeting, Nancy, France, 24-27 Aug. 2015.

Destrigneville, C., V. Chavagnac, J.-A. Olive, T. Leleu, C. Rommevaux, J. Escartín, J. Jamieson, S. Petersen, Thermo-chemical fluxes, reactions and mixing in hydrothermal plumes at oceanic core complexes (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 13°30?N and 13°20?N) (OS43A-2024), Fall AGU 2015 Meeting, San Francisco, USA, 14-18 Dec. 2015.

Bonnemains, D., J. Escartin, Muriel Andreani, ODEMAR Science Team, Dissecting oceanic detachment faults : Links between extensional tectonics and nature of fluid-rock interactions on the oceanic lithosphere, 24th Réunion des Sciences de la Terre (RST), 27-31/10/2014, Pau, France

Escartin, J., D. Bonnemains, C. Mevel, M. Cannat, S. Petersen, N. Augustin, A. Bezos, V. Chavagnac, Y. Choi, M. Godard, K. Haaga., C. Hamelin, B. Ildefonse, J. W. Jamieson, B. E. John, T. Leleu, M. Massot-Campos , P. Nomikou, J.-A. L. Olive, M. Paquet, C. Rommevaux, M. Rothenbeck, A. Steinführer, M. Tominaga, L. Triebe, R. Garcia and R. Campos, Insights into the internal structure and formation of striated fault surfaces of oceanic detachments from in situ observations (13°20?N and 13°30?N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge), Fall AGU 2014 Meeting, San Francisco, USA, 15-19 Dec. 2014. (invited abstract)

Jamieson, J. W., Petersen, S., Augustin, N., Steinführer, A., Yeo, I. and Escartin, J. and ODEMAR Scientific Party (2014), AUV- and ROV-based exploration of active and inactive seafloor massive sulfide deposits at the Semenov and Irinovskoe sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 43rd Conference of the Underwater Mining Institute, 21-28 Sep 2014, Lisbon, Portugal.

Jamieson, J. W., Petersen, S., Augustin, N., Steinführer, A., Yeo, I. and Escartin, J. and ODEMAR Scientific Party (2014), Seafloor massive sulfide formation on oceanic core complexes: Recent exploration of the Semyenov and Irinovskoe hydrothermal fields, Mid-Atlantic Ridge [Talk] In: Joint International Conference MINERALS OF THE OCEAN-7 & DEEP-SEA MINERALS AND MINING-4, 02.-05.06.2014, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

MacLeod, C. J. & J. Escartin, 4-D structure and evolution of oceanic detachment faults at slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges, Geol. Soc. London Conf. On Geometry and growth of normal faults, London, UK, 23-25 June 2014. (invited talk)

Escartin, J., F. Leclerc, M. Cannat, S. Petersen, N. Augustin, A. Bezos, D. Bonnemains, V. Chavagnac, Y. Choi, M. Godard, K. Haaga., C. Hamelin, B. Ildefonse, J. W. Jamieson, B. E. John, T. Leleu, M. Massot-Campos, C. Mevel, P. Nomikou, J.-A. L. Olive, M. Paquet, C. Rommevaux, M. Rothenbeck, A. Steinführer, M. Tominaga, L. Triebe, R. Garcia, N. Gracias, N. Feuillet and C. Deplus, Quantifying Coseismic Normal Fault Rupture at the Seafloor: The 2004 Les Saintes Earthquake (Mw 6.3) Along the Roseau Fault (French Antilles), Fall AGU 2014 Meeting, San Francisco, USA, 15-19 Dec. 2014.

Mével, C., J. Escartín, M. Andreani, D. Brunelli, Secondary Olivine in ocean floor serpentinites from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (13°30?N), 4th Serpentine Days, 25-29 September, Sète, France.

Escartín, J., J.-A. L. Olive, F. Leclerc, N. Gracias, R. Garcia, The ODEMAR Science Party, Quantifying Coseismic Normal Fault Rupture at the Seafloor: The 2004 Les Saintes Earthquake Along the Roseau Fault (French Antilles), OS43D-05, Fall AGU 2016 Meeting, San Francisco, USA, 12-16 Dec. 2016. (invited)

DEA or MASTER 2 using campaign data

Marie-Laure Fournasson (M2) IPGP. Tectonics of the Roseau Trough. Fevrier-Juin 2017.

Géraud Vilaseca (M2), IPGP. Morphologie d?escarpements de faille. Fevrier-Juin 2016.

Rivet, Eleonore (L3). U. Bordeaux. Distribution de macrofauna au plancher océanique. 1 mois stage (Aug. 2014).

Thesis using campaign data

Cordrie Louise (2021). Identification et caractérisation des séismes passés de l'arc des Petites Antilles : simulation des tsunamis et du transport sédimentaire / Identification and characterization of the Lesser Antilles arc past earthquakes : insight from tsunami modeling and sediment transport simulation. PhD Thesis, Université de Paris.


Leleu Thomas (2017). Variabilité spatio-temporelle de la composition des fluides hydrothermaux (observatoire fond de mer EMSO-Açores, Lucky Strike) : traçage de la circulation hydrothermale et quantification des flux chimiques associés / Spatial and temporal variability of the composition of hydrothermal fluids (Deep sea observatory EMSO-Azores, Lucky Strike) : tracing the hydrothermal pathway and quantification of the associated chemical fluxes. PhD Thesis, Université de Toulouse. https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00692/80380/


Sayavedra Lizbeth (2016). Host-symbiont interactions and metabolism of chemosynthetic symbiosis in deep-sea Bathymodiolus mussels. PhD Thesis, Universitat Bremen.


Breusing Corinna (2016). Population genetics and contemporaneous connectivity in deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussels of genus Bathymodiolus. PhD Thesis, Universität Kiel.


Bonnemains, Diane : IPGP. Oceanic detachments. Started : 9/2013, completed 03/2017.